social facilitation Flashcards
1
Q
Social Facilitation - Zajonc
A
- The behavioural effects due to others present (BEDTOP).
- Theory created by Zajonc to define the effects of others on performance
- Social Inhibition - The negative effect of the presence of other on performance
- social facilitation - The positive effect of the presence of others on performance
2
Q
social facilitation
A
- co actors
- competitiors
- social reinforcers
- the audience
3
Q
audience and co actors
social facilitation
A
- These are said to be passive; they do not exert a direct influence on the event
- However, their mere presence can cause an increase in arousal - the players are aware they are being watched
- In the presence of an audience, how would performance differ between a cognitive and an autonomous learner?
- Cognitive - get distracted, panic
- Autonomous - motivate, facilitation, confidence
4
Q
competitors and social reinforcers
social facilitation
A
- The performers are more actively involved in the event
- They can provide;
- Encouragement
- Advice
- Cause distractions
5
Q
Social Facilitation and Social Inhibition - cognitve learner
A
- Will experience anxiety and over-arousal when being watched
- Not able to cope with the pressure from the crowd
- This may cause poor execution of skills – social inhibition.
6
Q
Social Facilitation and Social Inhibition - autonomous learner
A
- More able to cope with the demands of the audience
- More motivated and encouraged by the support
- Skills performance to be enhanced – social facilitation.
7
Q
Social Facilitation and Social Inhibition
- skill level
A
- If the skill is simple, the presence of co-actors can help.
- Example - in the multi stage fitness test, trying not to be first one out could spur you on
- If the skill is complex, the presence of others can have a negative impact.
- Example - complex skills require the interpretation of information. Under stress, the ability to process that information is decreased, resulting in poor outcomes
8
Q
Performance and the Dominant Response (links to Hulls Drive Theory)
A
An audience can have an immediate effect on levels of arousal.
9
Q
expert performer - dominant response
A
- An expert performer will perform automatically, with ease and feel little pressure. Their skills are well-learned and the dominant response is correct.
- The effect of the crowd may even lift the performer and promote social facilitation (e.g Andy Murray winning at wimbledon was spurred on by the crowd, enabling to raise his game)
10
Q
novice learner - dominant response
A
- A novice is unlikely to have responses that are performed automatically.
- They may produce incorrect response or action under pressure
- Responses are made complex as the performer needs a lot of attention to find the right response
- The effect of the crowd will add further pressure, resulting in social inhibition
11
Q
evaluation apprehension
A
- The perceived fear of being judged.
- Being watched by an expert or someone you hold in high regard can affect performance
- For some performers it can be motivating, for others, it can cause an increase in arousal and anxiety, causing a reduction in performance (inhibition)
- The perception of the players when someone significant is watching is that a judgement is being made about their performance.
- If a performer is feeling less confident about the outcome, pressure from an audience can make evaluation apprehension more acute (severe).
12
Q
preventing social inhibition
A
- Getting the players familiar with playing in front of a crowd.
- The coach should allow the performer to train with a distraction of an audience (familiarisation).
- The coach could build up the audience gradually to ensure the performer learns to cope with this added pressure.
- Gradually introducing evaluation.
- Informal chats and asking the players thoughts is a good starting point. More detail statistics may be used for more experienced learners.
- Improving focus and concentration
