aspects of personality Flashcards
1
Q
personality
personality
A
- A unique psychological make-up.
- Each person has their own personality profile, which has implications for the way coaches and players should approach training and competitions
- Some performers will have similar personality profile to others
- Understanding these differences can help make performance better
2
Q
nature
personality
A
characteristics are innate
3
Q
nurture
personality
A
characteristics are learned
4
Q
trait theory
trait theory
A
- Suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour.
- An individual is born with innate characteristics
- Stable, enduring and stay the same in different situations
- Behaviour is said to be consistent
- Trait theory attempts to predict what the person is going to do and respond
- EG - An extroverted netball player, will be extroverted in training and playing.
5
Q
trait theory negatives
A
- Can behaviour always be predicted?
- This theory does not take into account a personality change
- Personality and behaviour can change depending on the situation - state
- EG - A footballer could be aggressive after being fouled, but calm in a post match interview
6
Q
social learning approach
A
- Suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others by socialising.
- Rather than being born with characteristics, we learn them from other people.
- Especially those we hold in high esteem, or significant others, such as role models, friends or parents
- Personality traits can be developed by associating with other people and picking up their behaviour
- A process called socialisation
7
Q
morelikly to copy if….
social learning approach
A
- More likely to learn reinforced behaviour that is seen as successful and powerful
- More likely to copy behaviour that is consistently shown to us.
- More likely to be copied if witnessed live, not through the media.
8
Q
observation
social learning approach
A
- We observe others and copy them, especially if successful.
- E.g - young footballers copy goal celebrations of professional players
- Links directly to observational learning - if behaviour is reinforced, it can be copied and learned
9
Q
the interactionist perspective
A
- Combines Trait Theory and Social Learning Theory to predict behaviour in a specific situation.
- Attempts to explain; How aspects of personality are developed.
- Attempts to explain; How behaviour of athletes can be influenced by genetic and environmental influences.
- It suggests traits we are born with are adapted and used according to situations
- A player who has traits of being assertive, well-motivated and dominate would use these in game situations
- This approach accounts for behaviour change and suggests behaviour is adapted to suit the situation.
10
Q
lewins formula
the ineractionist perspective
A
- Lewin (1935) suggested that this approach can be explained by Lewin’s formula
B = f(P x E). - Lewin’s formula - behaviour is a function of personality and environment
- Helps coaches by predicting how a player will react in a specific situation
- Since inherent, consistent traits can be adapted to the situation, those traits will produce a typical response
11
Q
the hollander approach
A
perosnality is made up of 3 parts
1. core (you)
2. typical response
3. role - related behaviour
12
Q
the core
hollanders approach
A
- Represents the values and beliefs of the individual.
- Is stable and solid; unlikely to change
- Example - belief in the benefits of playing in a team sport are underlying
13
Q
typical response
hollander approach
A
- The use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations.
- These are the usual responses the player would make in a given situations
14
Q
role related behaviour
hollander approach
A
- Suggests that the performer might adapt to a very specific role when the situation demands it.
- Implies that further changes to behaviour may be needed as the situation demands
- Hollander suggests that the more the environment has an influence, the more behaviour is likely to change.
- Hollanders supported the idea of the interactionist perspective as he believed environment does influence behaviour
15
Q
example - hockey player
hollander approach
A
- core -At the players core they may have values of a strong work ethic and is always prepared to work very hard for the team
- typical response - The player typically responds to attacking situations by making the effort to make various runs off the ball
- role-relate behaviour - In a close game, when the team are under pressure, the player will track back and employ the role of the defender to help the team
16
Q
Credulous Approach
A
When the link between personality and behaviour is accepted (trust theories)
17
Q
Sceptical Approach
A
When the link between personality and behaviour is doubted (doubt theories)
18
Q
how the interactionist perspective can improve performance
A
- Coach may predict unacceptable and aggressive behaviour and remove a player from that situation.
- A coach could identity situations that cause inappropriate actions or drop off in performance
- A coach could replicate these conditions in training to prepare the performer for this
- A player nervous of being watched by a crowd, could be observed in practice to become accustomed to this.
- This approach can be used to change player behaviour by encouraging players to adapt to specific circumstances
- A coach can use support and encouragement to do this
