attitudes

Question 1

attitudes

Answer 1

• ‘A value aimed at an attitude object’.
• An attitude can be an opinion/what you think about something.
• A value or belief towards something
• The ‘something’ is referred to in psychological terms as an ‘attitude object’.
• A mental state of readiness towards an attitude object
• EG - Having a belief about referees (referee if the attitude object)

Question 2

attitude formation

Answer 2

• Formed by association with others by picking up their opinions and values (Socialisation).
• Learn attitudes from significant others such as friends, parents or role models
• Likely to be learned if the behaviours is reinforced or repeated several times
• We can become familiar with these attitudes of others and accept them as normal.

Question 3

attitude formation - coaches

Answer 3

• Praise from a coach can help to develop a positive attitude towards your sport.
• (remember - reinforcement promotes correct actions - operant conditioning)
• Negative attitudes can occur when there are negative role models.
• If no reinforcement is offered by the coach, this can increase the changes of a negative attitude

Question 4

triadic model

Answer 4

• the cognitve part
• the affective part
• the behaviour part

Question 5

cogntive part

triadic model

Answer 5

• The most deep rooted part of the attitude and is simply what you think
• This part represents your own beliefs
• e.g - Most sports performers believe in their ability to win the game before they compete

Question 6

affective part

triadic model

Answer 6

• Concerns the feelings and emotions of the player and how those feelings are interpreted.
• Shown when a player enjoyed taking part in training and playing
• e.g - The feeling after you have had a good workout

Question 7

behavioural part

triadic model

Answer 7

• This reflects what you do!
• It is shown by actions and habits of the performer
• e.g - A player who trains in the week and plays every weekend displays a good behavioural attitude

Question 8

attitude change

Answer 8

• Positive attitudes need to be encouraged so participants maintain motivation and effort to continue to participate in sport.
• However, not all attitudes are positive
• There are two concepts used to help change attitudes;
• Cognitive Dissonance
• Persuasive Communication

Question 9

attitude change - cognitve dissonance

Answer 9

• This method believes that an attitude is formed when the three components of the Triadic Model sit in harmony with one another: cognitve (knowledge) , affective (emotions) and behavioural (actions)
• By changing one component will create conflict and will cause psychological discomfort
• Dissonance – creates a conflict in thinking that causes a lack of harmony and gives an uneasy feeling.
• can be achieved by ; new info being given to the perfomer to cause unease and motiavte change

Question 10

cognitve dissonance - how to motivate change

Answer 10

1. Coach attempts to put pressure on the performer regarding a negative attitude component in the hope the performer becomes motivated to change their existing attitude
2. Using rewards as reinforcement may increase motivation
3. A coach could present information with a new activity so the players begin to question their current attitudes. It could motivate them to change.
4. The coach could bring in a specialist or role model to encourage participation and attitude.

Question 11

attitude change - persuasive communication

Answer 11

• An effective communication to promote change.
• Communication to performers need to be relevant and important; the messages need to be understood
• The person communicating the message needs to be of high importance, perhaps a role model or expert so the impact of the message is high.
• The timing of the message is critical, after a loss or a poor performance, this could make the performer realise something needs to change
• Positive attitudes give positive outcomes so learning and controlling attitude behaviour is an important way of ensuring sporting success.