self efficacy and confidence Flashcards
1
Q
confidence in sport
A
- A belief in the ability to master a task.
- Confidence is a huge part of the makeup of a performer
- Those with confidence tend to try harder and take more risks
- They are more likely to display approach behaviour (NACH) and are more likely to win
- Confidence depends on interaction; the interaction of personality and the situation.
- One could suggests that if you have experience of an activity, which was positive, you are more likely to perform better
2
Q
example
A
f you have beaten a team heavily in the early part of the season, you are much more likely to think you can beat them again
For an individual, of they have taken a recent penalty and scored, they are most likely to keep going until you miss one
3
Q
trait confidence
A
- Trait Confidence: a belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports.
- A consistent level of confidence shown in most situations
- The player is happy to take part and anxiety is low
- This concerns itself with how an athlete rates their ability to perform across a wide range of sports
4
Q
state confidence
A
- State Confidence: a belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment.
- Refers to a specific situation, such as taking a penalty or playing in front of a large crowd
- This is temporary, can vary on the experience and personality of the performer (interaction)
- Concerns itself with how a performer rates their ability to perform at a particular moment
5
Q
The Vealey Model of Sports Confidence
A
- Competitive Orientation: the degree to which a performer is drawn to challenging situations.
- If confidence is gained in one area of sport, this could be used to improve confidence in different sport activity
- Vealey used Trait Confidence and State Confidence to produce a level of confidence known as an Objective Sporting Situation: the performance takes into account the situation in which the task is being undertaken.
- This is the combination of the type of skill being performed and the situation
- If it is a skill that has been used successfully in the past, then both trait and state confidence will be high
- Objective sporting situation assesses the conditions that the skill is being performed in
- Was it in front of a large crowd? Was it at home which is familiar and confidence may be higher.
- This can have a direct affect on trait and state confidence
6
Q
subjective outcome
A
- The athlete’s judgement
- If the judgement is good: trait confidence and competitive orientation increase. It can maintain effort and task persistence
- If the judgement is bad, both trait confidence and competitive orientation decrease
- The result/outcome of the skill:
- In that situation, is then evaluated by the performer
- The performer makes a decision
- As to how well they did, taking into account the objective situation
- The result of that judgement
- May then lead to improvement confidence in future activities and the performer may go onto develop a competitive orientation
7
Q
Self efficacy
A
is the amount of confidence you have in a specific task, sport or situation, sport specific self confidence
8
Q
self confidence
A
- Self confidence - A belief in the ability to master a specific sporting situation
- Bandura (1977) identified: studied self confidence in any one situation and suggested that confidence could vary with the situation and from moment to moment (bandura self- efficacy theory)
- It is directly linked to positive past experiences
9
Q
how does self condfidence occur
A
- Self esteem is the ‘overall sense of self worth or personal value’ and often occurs as a result of increased confidence, when the performer experiences a sense of satisfaction and inner pride from success
- The willingness to compete and persist with an activity is then increased
- self -efficacy affects the confidence of individual players and those in teams
10
Q
self efficacy is influences by four factors
A
- Performance accomplishments
- Vicarious experience
- Verbal persuasion
- Emotional arousal
11
Q
Performance accomplishments
factors affecting self efficacy
A
- This means that self-efficacy is influenced by what you have done in the past or your past experiences
- Enhanced by: Performance accomplishment can also be enhanced if the players not only achieved a win/PB but if they enjoyed this experience also
- E.G - a high jumper would feel confident of clearing a bar at 1m 20 when they have cleared 1m 30 in practice
12
Q
vicarious experiences
factors affecting self efficacy
A
- Is concerned with watching others do the same task and being successful
- Enhanced by: the people being watched doing the task can be referred to as a ‘model’
- If those ‘models/ are perceived to be of the same ability as oneself this is even better
- E.G watching a fellow gymnastic complete a vault after it has been practised may give others watching confidence
13
Q
verbal persuasion
factors affecting self efficacy
A
- Refers to the power of encouragement and reinforcement from others
- Enhanced by: praise from a coach,teammates or spectators increase confidence and provide an incentive to repeat the successful action
- More powerful if it comes from someone you hold in high esteem - a significant other
- For younger players, the benefit of positive comments is essential to building confidence and future effort
14
Q
emotional arousal
A
- How the performer perceives the increased arousal before and during the activity
- Enhanced by: Dealing with emotion in sport, such as keeping calm in a close game, is essential to good performance
- Such situation in sport increase anxiety and arousal
team/players who deal with arousal get better results - E.G in a close game a performer may think ‘ what if we lose now?’ - where as, someone with better judgment of the situation may think ‘ we’ve got this now, with only a minute to go’
15
Q
Methods for coaches and players to improve confidence
A
- Control arousal with relaxation and stress management techniques
- Provide an accurate demonstration, if performed by a role model who is of equal ability would work better
- Highlight past successful performance
- Give support during training by setting tasks within the performers capability
- Allow success during training by setting task within the performers capability
16
Q
Methods for coaches and players to improve confidence
A
- Set attainable goals, if these goals are met, a further challenging goal can be set
- Goals should not always e about winning, these performance related goals, improving technique or a personal better result
- Attribute any success achieved to the athlete , suggesting it was their effort and ability that produced the outcome
- Mental practice can be used to help the performer mentally rehearse a routine or sequence
17
Q
improve specifics
A
- Performance accomplishments - increase postive atttitudes
- Vicarious experiences - reduces fear of failure
- Verbal persuasion - increased motivation
- Emotional arousal - redcudes anxiety
18
Q
home feild advantage
A
- This is a balance between confidence and anxiety.
- For the home team, the crowd could increase the team’s confidence
- For the away team, the home crowd could cause anxiety amongst the players
- When playing at home, the crowd can increase motivation and confidence
- The familiarity of the home environment can mean that more games are won as teams feel more at ease and play more fluently.
19
Q
functional assertive behaviour
home feild advantage
A
- A home audience can cause ‘functional assertive behaviour’ in the home team.
- This can cause them to have more drive, more assertion and correct choice of response
- Large crowds can cause social facilitation to occur (behavioural effects due to others being present)
- AO2 - Team GB won their highest amount of medals in 2012 london olympics - the positive effects of a home crowd was highlighted by may GB athletes who took part
20
Q
negative on the away team
home feild advantage
A
- The home crowd can have a negative effect on the away team.
- Hostile chanting can cause anxiety amongst the away teams players
- This may lead to;
- Less effective performance
- Due to high labels of anxiety, more mistakes are made (increased number of fouls)
- Could suffer from social inhibition
21
Q
Home Field Advantage (disadvantage!)
A
- Could cause the home team to ‘choke’ in big games
- Enhanced by: increased pressure could cause catastrophic effects on the players causing dramatic reduction in performance
- AO3 - In large stadiums, where the crowd are far away from the pitch, the home support be ineffective
