Social development and family Flashcards
List the functions of families
Protection to ensure survival, primary socialisation, economic function, cultural training.
Explain attachment development at 0-2m, 2-7m and 7-24m
0-2m = socially responds to anyone. 2-7m = begins to discriminate and prefer 7-24m = shows separation and stranger anxiety by 7-9m
State the 4 ‘normal’ attachment patterns
Insecure-avoidant (20% - A) - indifferent towards carer and stranger. Secure attachment (66% - B) - high-quality. Insecure-resistant (12% - C) - Distressed on separation. Insecure-disorganised (2% - D) - No consistency
List Baumrind’s 4 parenting styles
Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, disengaged
Described authoritative parenting
Clear boundaries, allow age-appropriate autonomy. Competent and self-assured.
Authoritarian style of parenting is…
Control through power and compliance, unhappy
Describe permissive parenting
Responsive but lenient. Children are impulsive, lack of control.
Disengaged parenting style is…
Focus on selves, reject or neglect child. Poor relationships and attachment
Which attachment patterns are more evident in which countries?
Authoritarian less negative in Iran, India, Egypt than in North America. Japan = insecure-resistant, Germany - insecure-avoidant
Describe a secure pattern of adoption
Baby adoption. Some late-placed children if…good pre-placed care, skilled adoptive parents, normal development, adoption viewed as positive.
Explain anxious patterns of adoption
Late-placed adoption, good quality care, but poor start. Stable sense of self, insecure and worried, separation is difficult. Adoption viewed as positive.
Characteristics of angry patterns of adoptions are…
Few baby adoptions, mostly late-placed. Insecure-resistant attachment. Demanding, food issues, underachieve, behaviour problems. Mixed views of adoption.
Describe avoidant patterns of adoption
Late placements, hostile parenting and multiple moves. Placed 3-7 years, see it as weakness to express emotions.
Describe deactivated attachment behaviour (insecure-avoidant)
Avoid closeness and intimacy. See others as unavailable and rejecting, difficulty forming relationships. Difficult to discipline, lack empathy, low self-esteem, bullies. Parents have mixed adoption views.
What is a child like who has no selective attachment relationships?
Behave rather than relate. Limited ability to control aggression, low concentration, indiscriminate. Can’t form attachment, parents have realistic views about adoption
Describe reactive attachment disorder (RAD)
Disturbed social relatedness in most contexts before 5 years. Failure to initiate in social interactions. Not accounted for by developmental delay or pervasive developmental disorder. Child has experienced pathogenic care
State the 2 problems with RAD diagnosis
Inhibited more associated with neglect/abuse (negative correlation between caregiver quality & RAD). Disinhibited more with institutional upbringing, not correlated between caregiver quality and RAD.
Indiscriminate sociability is…
Wide range of behaviours e.g. avoidance of eye contact, destructive behaviour, lack of conscience, inappropriate sexuality
The DSM-V criteria for indiscriminate sociability is…
Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour towards adult caregivers manifested by…child rarely seeks comfort, rarely responds to comfort.
Persistent social or disturbance is characterised by at least 2 of what?
Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, limited positive affect, episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness or fearfulness that are evident even during nonthreatening interactions with adult caregiver
Which 3 questionnaires can be used to measure RAD?
Randolph attachment disorder questionnaire, child attachment checklist, relationship problems questionnaire
Describe the DSM-V criteria for disinhibited social engagement disorder
Child actively approaches and interacts with strangers and exhibits at least 2 of: reduced reticence, overly familiar verbal or physical behaviour, diminished or absent checking back with caregiver, go off with stranger. Behaviour in A also include socially disinhibited behaviour. Child has exhibited pattern of extremes of insufficient care with at least 1 of: social neglect, change of caregivers, rearing in unusual settings.
Explain OConnor’s study on Romanian and English adoptees
Correlation between length of deprivation and level of attachment disorder behaviour. Disinhibition dropped at later age, suggests biological programming. Treatments - social-cognitive - parental/family support.
Describe Hughes’ work on physical proximity
Said it’s crucial, allows child to resolve feelings. Therapist provides PACE, caregiver gives PLACE.
