Social development and family

Question 1

List the functions of families

Answer 1

Protection to ensure survival, primary socialisation, economic function, cultural training.

Question 2

Explain attachment development at 0-2m, 2-7m and 7-24m

Answer 2

0-2m = socially responds to anyone. 2-7m = begins to discriminate and prefer 7-24m = shows separation and stranger anxiety by 7-9m

Question 3

State the 4 ‘normal’ attachment patterns

Answer 3

Insecure-avoidant (20% - A) - indifferent towards carer and stranger. Secure attachment (66% - B) - high-quality. Insecure-resistant (12% - C) - Distressed on separation. Insecure-disorganised (2% - D) - No consistency

Question 4

List Baumrind’s 4 parenting styles

Answer 4

Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, disengaged

Question 5

Described authoritative parenting

Answer 5

Clear boundaries, allow age-appropriate autonomy. Competent and self-assured.

Question 6

Authoritarian style of parenting is…

Answer 6

Control through power and compliance, unhappy

Question 7

Describe permissive parenting

Answer 7

Responsive but lenient. Children are impulsive, lack of control.

Question 8

Disengaged parenting style is…

Answer 8

Focus on selves, reject or neglect child. Poor relationships and attachment

Question 9

Which attachment patterns are more evident in which countries?

Answer 9

Authoritarian less negative in Iran, India, Egypt than in North America. Japan = insecure-resistant, Germany - insecure-avoidant

Question 10

Describe a secure pattern of adoption

Answer 10

Baby adoption. Some late-placed children if…good pre-placed care, skilled adoptive parents, normal development, adoption viewed as positive.

Question 11

Explain anxious patterns of adoption

Answer 11

Late-placed adoption, good quality care, but poor start. Stable sense of self, insecure and worried, separation is difficult. Adoption viewed as positive.

Question 12

Characteristics of angry patterns of adoptions are…

Answer 12

Few baby adoptions, mostly late-placed. Insecure-resistant attachment. Demanding, food issues, underachieve, behaviour problems. Mixed views of adoption.

Question 13

Describe avoidant patterns of adoption

Answer 13

Late placements, hostile parenting and multiple moves. Placed 3-7 years, see it as weakness to express emotions.

Question 14

Describe deactivated attachment behaviour (insecure-avoidant)

Answer 14

Avoid closeness and intimacy. See others as unavailable and rejecting, difficulty forming relationships. Difficult to discipline, lack empathy, low self-esteem, bullies. Parents have mixed adoption views.

Question 15

What is a child like who has no selective attachment relationships?

Answer 15

Behave rather than relate. Limited ability to control aggression, low concentration, indiscriminate. Can’t form attachment, parents have realistic views about adoption

Question 16

Describe reactive attachment disorder (RAD)

Answer 16

Disturbed social relatedness in most contexts before 5 years. Failure to initiate in social interactions. Not accounted for by developmental delay or pervasive developmental disorder. Child has experienced pathogenic care

Question 17

State the 2 problems with RAD diagnosis

Answer 17

Inhibited more associated with neglect/abuse (negative correlation between caregiver quality & RAD). Disinhibited more with institutional upbringing, not correlated between caregiver quality and RAD.

Question 18

Indiscriminate sociability is…

Answer 18

Wide range of behaviours e.g. avoidance of eye contact, destructive behaviour, lack of conscience, inappropriate sexuality

Question 19

The DSM-V criteria for indiscriminate sociability is…

Answer 19

Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour towards adult caregivers manifested by…child rarely seeks comfort, rarely responds to comfort.

Question 20

Persistent social or disturbance is characterised by at least 2 of what?

Answer 20

Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, limited positive affect, episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness or fearfulness that are evident even during nonthreatening interactions with adult caregiver

Question 21

Which 3 questionnaires can be used to measure RAD?

Answer 21

Randolph attachment disorder questionnaire, child attachment checklist, relationship problems questionnaire

Question 22

Describe the DSM-V criteria for disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 22

Child actively approaches and interacts with strangers and exhibits at least 2 of: reduced reticence, overly familiar verbal or physical behaviour, diminished or absent checking back with caregiver, go off with stranger. Behaviour in A also include socially disinhibited behaviour. Child has exhibited pattern of extremes of insufficient care with at least 1 of: social neglect, change of caregivers, rearing in unusual settings.

Question 23

Explain OConnor’s study on Romanian and English adoptees

Answer 23

Correlation between length of deprivation and level of attachment disorder behaviour. Disinhibition dropped at later age, suggests biological programming. Treatments - social-cognitive - parental/family support.

Question 24

Describe Hughes’ work on physical proximity

Answer 24

Said it’s crucial, allows child to resolve feelings. Therapist provides PACE, caregiver gives PLACE.

Question 25

What is the emphasis of child-parent psychotherapy

Answer 25

Dyadic session emphasising emotional communication.

Question 26

Is RAD inhibited or disinhibited

Answer 26

RAD is inhibited, disinhibited attachment disorder if disinhibited

Question 27

BEIP intervention did what?

Answer 27

Implementing model of foster care that was effective, affordable, replicable and culturally sensitive. Foster care reduced RAD

Question 28

Describe the inhibited/emotionally withdrawn pattern of RAD

Answer 28

Neglect, maltreated, institutionalised. Related to attachment in SSP, quality of care giving

Question 29

Explain the disinhibited/indiscriminately social pattern of RAD

Answer 29

Neglect, maltreated, institutionalised, in adopted children. Not related to attachment in SSP, no relation to caregiving quality, critical period.