Hearing and listening 2

Question 1

What allows us to make sense of what we hear?

Answer 1

Auditory sense analysis

Question 2

Auditory cognition influences what?

Answer 2

Influences auditory perceptions

Question 3

What sections change intensity of different frequencies?

Answer 3

Head and pinna

Question 4

What gives cues to location?

Answer 4

Change in spectrum of frequencies

Question 5

Define interaural time difference

Answer 5

Sound may reach one ear slightly faster

Question 6

Define interaural level difference

Answer 6

Sound may reach one ear slightly louder

Question 7

How many microseconds does it take to travel from one ear to the other?

Answer 7

600 microseconds

Question 8

What are ITD’s useful and useless for?

Answer 8

Useful for azimuth, not useful for judging elevation and distance

Question 9

Will different locations have the same ITD?

Answer 9

Yes, different locations share the same ITD

Question 10

Which location does ITD tell us about?

Answer 10

Only tells us horizontal locations

Question 11

What does inter level differences tell us about?

Answer 11

Whether the sound came from left or right

Question 12

When do inter level differences have the greatest effect?

Answer 12

Bigger effect with high-frequency sounds

Question 13

The role of the auditory system is…

Answer 13

To assign the right frequency components to the right source and segregate complex sound field

Question 14

What does the auditory system reconstructs?

Answer 14

Reconstructs speech, music, cars honking and their location

Question 15

Higher pitched voice equals what?

Answer 15

Higher fundamental frequency

Question 16

Which 5 things do cues help to segregate?

Answer 16

Different sounds tend to start & stop at different times, they tend to have different pitches, frequency components change in amplitude at same time, spectral harmonics, location of sound sources

Question 17

Explain streaming

Answer 17

Tones are perceived as 1 or 2 simultaneous streams, rhythm depends on whether notes are grouped or segregated.

Question 18

Which 2 things affect segregation?

Answer 18

Frequency difference and presentation rate

Question 19

What are the 2 things that stop us from hearing things?

Answer 19

Energetic masking and informational masking

Question 20

Describe energetic masking

Answer 20

Overlaps sound in time and frequency

Question 21

Define informational masking

Answer 21

Can hear, but can’t pay attention because failures of object formation and selection

Question 22

What does MMN stand for and provide evidence for?

Answer 22

Mismatch negativity, provides evidence for pre-attentive streaming

Question 23

Explain the McGurk effect

Answer 23

Multi modal effect. Persists despite instructions or when aware of illusion adding 2nd task decreases magnitude of effect

Question 24

Define sustained inattention deafness

Answer 24

Unaware of change to auditory scene, hard to detect an unexpected change, due to limited awareness