Hearing and listening 2 Flashcards
What allows us to make sense of what we hear?
Auditory sense analysis
Auditory cognition influences what?
Influences auditory perceptions
What sections change intensity of different frequencies?
Head and pinna
What gives cues to location?
Change in spectrum of frequencies
Define interaural time difference
Sound may reach one ear slightly faster
Define interaural level difference
Sound may reach one ear slightly louder
How many microseconds does it take to travel from one ear to the other?
600 microseconds
What are ITD’s useful and useless for?
Useful for azimuth, not useful for judging elevation and distance
Will different locations have the same ITD?
Yes, different locations share the same ITD
Which location does ITD tell us about?
Only tells us horizontal locations
What does inter level differences tell us about?
Whether the sound came from left or right
When do inter level differences have the greatest effect?
Bigger effect with high-frequency sounds
The role of the auditory system is…
To assign the right frequency components to the right source and segregate complex sound field
What does the auditory system reconstructs?
Reconstructs speech, music, cars honking and their location
Higher pitched voice equals what?
Higher fundamental frequency
Which 5 things do cues help to segregate?
Different sounds tend to start & stop at different times, they tend to have different pitches, frequency components change in amplitude at same time, spectral harmonics, location of sound sources
Explain streaming
Tones are perceived as 1 or 2 simultaneous streams, rhythm depends on whether notes are grouped or segregated.
Which 2 things affect segregation?
Frequency difference and presentation rate
What are the 2 things that stop us from hearing things?
Energetic masking and informational masking
Describe energetic masking
Overlaps sound in time and frequency
Define informational masking
Can hear, but can’t pay attention because failures of object formation and selection
What does MMN stand for and provide evidence for?
Mismatch negativity, provides evidence for pre-attentive streaming
Explain the McGurk effect
Multi modal effect. Persists despite instructions or when aware of illusion adding 2nd task decreases magnitude of effect
Define sustained inattention deafness
Unaware of change to auditory scene, hard to detect an unexpected change, due to limited awareness
