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Psych in real world > Hearing and listening > Flashcards

Hearing and listening Flashcards

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1
Q

How are sounds produced?

A

By objects that vibrate, causing air molecules to condense and rarefy

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2
Q

What do the grouped and spaced sections on a diagram represent?

A

Grouped = peaks, spaced = troughs

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3
Q

What is our audible range

A

20uPA to 100,000,000uPA

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4
Q

Define wavelength

A

Distance between 2 peaks

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5
Q

Define frequency

A

Rate at which pressure cycles between compression and rarefraction

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6
Q

What determines timbre?

A

Different frequencies determine timbre

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7
Q

What is the outer ear called?

A

Pinna

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8
Q

What do funnels into the ear canal assist with?

A

Helps with sound localisation

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9
Q

What are the middle ear bones known as?

A

Ossicles

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10
Q

State the purpose of ossicles

A

Connects tympanic membrane to cochlea.

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11
Q

What does the middle ear act as?

A

An impendence transformer

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12
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Fluid filled spinal canal, divided by flexible membrane

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13
Q

What does peak location depend on?

A

Depends on stimulus frequency

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14
Q

Describe the function of the basilar membrane?

A

Filters sound according to frequency

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15
Q

State the 3 sections of the cochlea

A

Scala vestibuli, tectorial & basilar membrane, scala tympani

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the organ of corti

A

Sits on top of basilar membrane, inner and outer hair cells are mounted on it

17
Q

How is depolarisation caused by hair cells?

A

Hair cells are pushed right

18
Q

What happens when the hair cells are pushed left?

A

Hyperpolarisation

19
Q

What causes the outer hair cells to move?

A

Move in response to electrical and chemical stimulation

20
Q

What are the 3 consequences?

A

Dancing hair cells, amplifies movement of basilar membrane, vibrations transmitted as sound

21
Q

The 2 causes of hearing loss are what?

A

Age related changes to the inner ear, noise induced hearing loss

22
Q

Older age changes are in what…

A

Temporal processing and auditory cognition

23
Q

State the 2 types of hearing impairment

A

Conductive and sensorineural

24
Q

Define conductive hearing impairment

A

Abnormality before cochlea, problem with sound conduction

25
Q

Define sensorineural hearing impairment

A

Arising in cochlea/auditory nerve, sound not getting to brain properly

26
Q

Describe optoacoustic emissions

A

Motor of outer hair cells generated vibrations on basilar membrane, vibrations transmitted out of ear as sound

27
Q

What is the supratemporal plane?

A

Low-level speech cues

28
Q

Describe the superior temporal sulcus

A

Intelligible speech

29
Q

The superior temporal gyrus is what?

A

Pre-lexical processing of phonetic cues

30
Q

The SSQ represents what?

A

Speech, spatial and qualities of hearing questionnaire

31
Q

The 5 things associated with hearing impairment are…

A

Poorer speech identification, more social identification, social isolation, lower quality of life, depression, accelerated cognitive decline

32
Q

Why is there a low uptake of hearing aids?

A

Reluctance to feel/look old, amplifying sounds is harder, modern ones convert sound into electrical signals, amplify signal and convert back into sound energy

33
Q

How do cochlear implants work?

A

Electrode array inserted into cochlea - microphone picks up sound outside head, transmitted to electrode array in cochlea, stimulates auditory nerve.

34
Q

State the 2 ways signals are degraded

A

Spectrally and temporally

35
Q

How are signals degraded spectrally?

A

Implant users receive fewer channels of information

36
Q

Describe how signals are degraded temporally

A

Cochlear implants limited to show fluctuations in amplitude over time

Psych in real world (18 decks)

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