social class identities sociologists

Question 1

scott
upper

Answer 1

Old boy network- made up of people with cultural assets formed in school who give each other contract deals for business.
He also says the family uses encouragement to marry the upper class and immersion into a culture of privilege to contribute to the social closure of the elite. He says that the culture of private education makes the upper class believe they are better than others.

Question 2

macingtosh and mooney
upper

Answer 2

Peoples occupation affects how they judge themselves and others based on the judgments we make about their jobs they have and how it links to social class presumptions.

Question 3

kenway
upper

Answer 3

Social class position is important to privately educated girls because it keeps up their high levels of self esteem by looking down at state educated students.

Question 4

king and raynor
middle

Answer 4

Parents socialize middle class identities by reinforcing norms and values about the importance of educational success. They suggest child centeredness is a feature of middle class families

Question 5

bourdieu
middle

Answer 5

Middle class have cultural capital because their home environment is similar to school. Hidden curriculum rewards middle class values by role models, imitation, rewards and sanctions.

Question 6

goodwin
middle

Answer 6

The new breed of middle class mothers called ‘yummy mummies’ define their identity through peer approval through glamor, maternal capabilities and the styles and experiences of children.

Question 7

saunders
middle

Answer 7

middle class uses conspicuous consumption by buying various goods to define their identity.

Question 8

wright
middle

Answer 8

the middle class occupy a contradictory class position where they both exploit the working class and are exploited by upper class

Question 9

willis
working

Answer 9

lads formed a counter school subculture and followed their fathers footsteps where manual labor was the norm and education not valued. This made them feel superior to conformist pupils and display strong hegemonic masculinity .This prepared them for a shop floor lifestyle by becoming used to boring and monotonous work.

Question 10

mac an ghail
working

Answer 10

Ethnocentric study found that working class boys followed their fathers into traditional labor jobs, but industrialisation led to macho lad’s crisis of masculinity, and further when women in working class families became breadwinners as they had no way to display masculinity.

Question 11

bowles and gintis
working

Answer 11

Education maintains class inequalities by transmitting ruling class values into the hidden curriculum which encourages working class students to be obedient and passive workers to allow them to accept exploitation and alienation by conforming to the ruling class ideology

Question 12

mertens and d’haenens
working

Answer 12

Studied the digital divide and found a link between social class and internet use. Lower class use internet less and when used for entertainment purposes opposed to middle class using it more and to boost their knowledge.

Question 13

murray
under

Answer 13

underclass= people who live off mainstream society without participating in it, taking jobs sporadically or not at all and do not share social burdens and shirk off fatherhood.
He said they were dishonest, disrespectful, undeserving and reckless
He said the British underclass was growing rapidly but smaller and less dysfunctional than the American underclass.
Crime is skyrocketing at the fault of incompetent mothers and is disproportionate
Young healthy males choose voluntary unemployment.
Young males imitatie brothers and father partaking in crime

Question 14

jordan
under

Answer 14

argues that underclass have the same values as everyone else in society and would love to work if they got the opportunity. Says they feel a sense of shame and guilt for not being able to provide for their families

Question 15

paulski and waters
postmodernism

Answer 15

shift from production to consumption in the defining of identities. We are defined by what we buy, not what we do.

Question 16

offe
postmondernism

Answer 16

argues that in today’s society fewer individuals share experiences of full time work that used to shape the culture of social classes. People are able to create their own identities outside of work regardless of social class.
This is due to contemporary UK and the media

Question 17

skeggs
postmodernism

Answer 17

w/c women had instrumental attitudes to work- their jobs did not influence their identities and saw capitalism as effective in raising their living standards. They see society as meritocratic and believe in social mobility, with a sense of individualism.