globalisation Flashcards

Question

negative impact of digital communication on age inequalities berry

Answer 1

supports notion of the digital generation divide. researched old users of internet and found that participants explained that reasons for not accessing the internet most of the time was due to lack of skills/interest or psychological barriers. these factors appeared more significant than material or physical explanations. ONS suggested that out of older people who use the internet, only 59% do every day. 79% of households below state pension ages have internet access vs only 38% above state pension age

Answer 2

toxic parenting argues that parents rely on technology to occupy their children. children then feel isolated and cant relate to others face to face e.g ipads used to distract kids

Answer 3

the internet leads to children and youths being exposed to adult content e.g sex and violence. e.g insta reels lack of filtering

Answer 4

helps generations link and communicate can share ideas and learn from each other parental controls e.g life360 and screen time

Answer 5

investigated gender differences and the use of computers. looked at attitudes towards the use of digital communications of chinese and british students. found that: men more likely to use chat rooms and play more computer games-expressing they were a male activity and more self confident women are more likely to feel uncomfortable in these spaces

Answer 6

1. globalisation and digital forms of communication further patriarchal ideology and the exploitation of women (negative impact) 2. digital communication allows women to challenge and potentially overcome patriarchal ideology and the exploitation of women (positive impact)

Answer 7

states that organised exploitation is one of the most undesirable consequences of globalisation. this can take the form of sexual slavery. findings show that Uk nationals and those from abroad are exploited in the sex industry through forced labour, domestic servitude and forced criminal activity. cases are often not reported or recognised.

Answer 8

researched the global criminal economy and found it is worth over £1T per annum. it notably includes the trafficking in women and children

Answer 9

explains that digital communication can help reproduce patriarchy through sex exploitation such as bride trafficking and sex tourism. digital communication means that info about where to buy prostitutes can occur and live sex shows can be viewed through videoconferencing.

Answer 10

argues discourses have been used to embed ideas of women’s inferiority and their need to be nurtured by men throughout history by legitimising their domination. we can argue that patriarchal ideology has now found its place on the primary discourse of our age- online content spreading patriarchal and misogynistic attitudes 3.g andrew tate describing women as critically lazy and unindependant

Answer 11

anti essentialist view of women that women should be part of the technological advances rather than reduced to the social construction of what a women “should” be. discusses notion of cyborgs and interested in how technology can provide a way for women to be more empowered by changing their identities via transcendence rather than conforming to patriarchal ideals

Answer 12

studies how the digital global world is being used more increasingly by women from a range of diff ethnic and class backgrounds. social media and digital communication can be used by women as a forum for support when they face discrimination and inequality e.g laura bates ted talks

Answer 13

examines how women have used digital communication to challenge patriarchal and sexust attitudes and notes campaigns: -the girl guides- campaigning and activism badge -mumsnet.com- 59% of users considered themselves feminists -larasi- campaign to address racist and sexist attitudes in music videos and students campaigned for the banning of the song blurred lines from being played in uni campuses

Answer 14

studied digital divide in brussels and claim social class was the biggest factor affecting digital inequality clear link between class and internet usage- those from lower social classes used the internet less (81% VS 94% U/C). those from lower social classes used technology as a form of entertainment whereas the middle classes used devices to boost their knowledge and to research diff info. 79% W/C owned a games console VS 65% U/C

Answer 15

youths and use of digital technology- there is a digital underclass forming in britain despite some improvement in access and skills. digital underclass= people who cannot afford digital communication devices leading to disadvantages and inequalities in society as they face less social capital. those with lower education and employment are left behind in the growth and use of the internet- the gov plans to make public services digital by default meaning these individuals will be unable to access them. children from poorer homes are becoming victims of a digital divide because their parents lack the skills to help them use the internet as effectively as their m/c peers who can exploit their array of resources

Answer 16

1. digital technologies further capitalist exploitation and the maintenance of cultural hegemony/ideological domination 2.digital communication provides a new form of surveillance

Answer 17

digital communication is another way we can be ideologically controlled. we are presented with social media in a way that makes us think we have freedom, democracy and equality but it is just another way capitalists can make money and control us. digital communication threatens individual freedom as info is collected about us through sites such as facebook e.g cambridge analytica scandal- they collected data from 87M facebook profiles using the app "this is your digital life" claiming it could help people target political advertising. exploitation by manipulating what should be democratic decisions to help the bourgeoisie win elections

Answer 18

2 step flow model- the interpretation of messages encoded in media can be influenced by an individual audience members relationship with other audience members media figures and media companies can become opinion leaders who interpret their views of text onto other audience members who respect them and we as audiences can respond both passively and actively to these interpretations. opinion leaders views can be internalised as the individuals own view, explaining audience interpretations and how media influences public opinion and maintains cultural hegemony by dominating public opinion. e.g molly mae-everyone has the same 24 hours in a day message of meritocracy being promoted

Answer 19

marxists argue that media convergence has led to a greater platform for shaping peoples ideas, encouraging them to accept capitalism and not question inequalities they face. therefore digital communication helps to reinforce and maintain inequalities and ideologically control people in new, subtle ways

Answer 20

there has been a rise in 'big data capitalism' where even data has been commodified (a product to be bought) explains that surveillance occur where companies collect, store, control and analyse 'big data' of internet users discusses the importance of the work carried out by snowden stating it revealed the existence of a 'global surveillance system' that secret services use to monitor communication between individuals in real time. snowdon showed NSA had widespread misuse of surveillance of digital forms of communication- uk+us gov accessing personal private communications claiming it was in the interest of national security

Answer 21

kirkpatrick-facebook effect allows for people to create online movements that tackle elitist authotarian regimes granovetter- weak ties related to employment strengthened by digital communications allows for social mobility spybey-exchange of ideas can be used to challenge capitalism-cambridge analytica scandal lead to online movements such as #deletefacebook trending on twitter

Answer 22

argues that religious fundamentalism is a uniquely contemporary phenomenon as fundamentalist groups are reacting to features of the globalised world. they can be seen to have several key features: 1. an authoritative,sacred doctrine (beliefs telling you how to live your life) 2. 'us' VS 'them' 3. aggressive and reactive 4. patriarchal 5. believe in prophecy 6. believe in conspiracies 7. use of modern technologies> this is how it is relevant to digital communication

Answer 23

considers ISIS ise of social media by posting videos encouraging young people to join terrorist groups and commit acts of terrorism leading to terrorism in russia and france. department of state published videos on youtube to counter these messages which lesaca says should be considered in future military, political or intelligence operations as a central strategy using autovisal material, true stories and real stories distributed through non-gov channels

Answer 24

found that the christian fundamentalist groups were using the internet as a key role to promote their ideologies. he found that a virtual church was built around those who embraced common ideologies and his study 'digital jesus' shows how like minded people created a large web of communication on the internet. this saw the creation of new types of religious movements without a central leader. howard carried out an ethnography on the baptist church and how them filmed reading bible verses to post online

Answer 25

concept of risk society: we face manufactured dangers in society which are man made, natural disasters in the past making us risk conscious meaning we try to avoid and minimise risks as much as possible. this has led to increasing concerns about border patrols to protect countries from perceived threats of immigration. this comes from moral panics formed by the media about terrorists and 'scroungers' 'flooding' the country. this has brought attempts at international cooperation e.g the 'wars' on terror,drugs ect. this has created internal conflicts and significant political changes e.g brexit

Answer 26

globalisation, by giving free rein to capitalism, has led to greater inequality which could even be considered criminal. e.g transnational companies who switch production to low wage countries for cheap labour> shein. the international drug trade can only operate in a global world, in which much of the processing of illegal drugs takes place in the developing world(mexico,columbia,afghanistan)

Answer 27

looked at international finance organisations such as world bank who provide huge loans to developing countries. world bank has 188 member countries but its policy voting rights are dominated by 5 countries-USA,japan,german,britain and france (rich developed countries) who have pro neo-liberal views which imposes regulations which benefit the richer countries at the expense of the poorer e.g privatisation of public services across the world creating major problems in certain countries e.g mass unemployment in rwanda in the 1980s

Answer 28

new forms of digital communications are becoming increasingly important when aiming to deal with disasters. during the southern california wildfires in 2007 they found that the use of new digital communications helped to pass on community information. they argue that this is impacting on the way in which institutions respond to disasters

Answer 29

his book 'the facebook effect' focuses on how facebook has revolutionised the way the world uses the internet by spreading around the globe creating surprising effects. e.g when it was used an an instrumental part of political protests from columbia to iran. looks at how mark zuckerberg has transformed the internet and even the way that communication,marketing,politics and business is occurring on a global scale-the facebook effect.

Answer 30

studies how social media was at the forefront of revolutions taking place from 2011 onwards with individuals stating that facebook,weblogs,twitter and youtube played an important role in these events-referred to as the arab spring interactions between individuals can create collective action e.g protests in egypt saw that due to social media permanently connecting activists they were able to create an uprising, protesting community to present the gov abuses to citizens and shape public opinions about issues and repression e.g BLM protests gave people a voice on a free platform

Answer 31

disagree with cultural homogenisation and argue that due its threat, a process of cultural defence is taking place in the form of resistance -point out that the image of western media and domination is exaggerated and ignores complex interactions which occur between cultures(they can influence each other)

Answer 32

disagree with cultural homogenisation and argue that due its threat, a process of cultural defence is taking place in the form of resistance -discusses reverse colonialization where western cultures are not dominating less powerful groups, but in fact the reverse of this is occurring such as the 'Mexicanization' of california, where food,dress and music has become a key part of californian lifestyle

Answer 33

disagree with cultural homogenisation and argue that due its threat, a process of cultural defence is taking place in the form of resistance -argue that global digital media companies have also been forced to take into account local markets/audiences e.g mcdonalds