evidence of social inequalities Flashcards

Question

male disadvantage in workplace dermott

Answer 1

argues men work longer hours than women regardless of their status as fathers

Answer 2

the “glass cellar” 24/25 of the lowest ranked professions are 85-100% male dominated

Answer 3

his book “the second sexism” stated that the least desirable and most dangerous jobs with the least pay and security remain largely in the domain of men

Answer 4

lads are fatalistic about their future due to following fathers footsteps leading them into low paid and status manual labour jobs. this means they developed anti school attitudes and didn’t value achievements in school

Answer 5

teachers are too lenient on laddish behaviour of boys and that this can do them a disservice leading to their lack of achievement. whereas they are hard on girls as they are seen to be doubly deviant- ensuring they achieve

Answer 6

females outperform males in the 4/C boundary (71.9% VS 62.9%) meaning they underachieve so stay in low paying jobs

Answer 7

caribbean boys turned to rapper role models in media due to lack of father figure these hyper masculine negative role models led these boys in deviant anti school subcultures

Answer 8

hollow wood films and computer games transmit the view that masculinity based on strength, aggression, competition and violence is biologically determined and a natural goal for boys to achieve

Answer 9

coverage of black young males in the news often links them with violent crime and can therefore provide negative role models and stereotyping

Answer 10

argues that the gang acts as a location for ‘doing masculinity’ which has to be ‘accomplished’ and proved

Answer 11

the state has unleashed extreme masculinity by denying real acces to legitimate status through academic success, so anti-social behaviour has become key means for young men to express masculinity

Answer 12

young males committing criminal behaviour is not deviant but the expression of bravery and strength. however this can not be seen as an ‘excuse’ for criminality, as hegemonic masculinity ignores other masculinities that exist

Answer 13

young males committing criminal behaviour is not deviant but the expression of bravery and strength. however this can not be seen as an ‘excuse’ for criminality, as hegemonic masculinity ignores other masculinities that exist

Answer 14

pakistani and bangladeshi had the lowest employment rate at 55% white other had the highest at 81%

Answer 15

people with names associated with ethnic minority backgrounds would have to make 16 applications before a positive response compared to 9 applications for ‘white sounding’ applicants

Answer 16

ethnic minorities are a negatively privileged status group. ethnic majorities use social closure to prevent ethnic minorities from reaching top positions, and they face concrete ceilings as a result

Answer 17

GCSE results with an “average attainment 8 score”: chinese-64.2% white british-46.1% black caribbean-39.6%

Answer 18

found that black carribbean girls faced institutional racism and negative labelling from teachers. they resisted this and achieved well despite these negative attitudes, not because of them.

Answer 19

black caribbean boys face institutional racism at school as they are entered for lower tier exams, narrowing their future opportunities

Answer 20

asians youths were unfairly targeted by police and media. the “myth” of the asian gang was created when violent cradhes were reported between black and asian gangs which led to criminalisation of asian boys due to islamophobia

Answer 21

5 stereotypes the media presents of black people: criminal, abnormal, a threat, unimportant and dependent This included presenting cultural practises as abnormal and using blanket terminology such as ‘asian culture’

Answer 22

ethnic minorities are stereotyped in video games 86% of heroes are white 8/10 competitions in sports games were black latinos only appeared in sports games

Answer 23

over 40% of young people in custody are from BAME backgrounds BAME men and women made up 25% of prisoners in 2006 and 41% in 2016

Answer 24

black men were more likely to receive custodial sentences for offences including fines or community service as punishments- evidence of ‘institutional racism’

Answer 25

black people are almost 7X more likely to be stopped and searched than white people

Answer 26

young people are often on zero hour contracts and in ‘McJobs’ (under stimulating, low wage, few benefits)

Answer 27

under 25s are treated more harshly by benefits system with less support, even though they are more likely to be renting while renters have not had as much support as people with mortgages

Answer 28

young people have been in a bad situation for the past decade with increasing rental, housing and accommodation costs

Answer 29

statistics found that rates for self harm hospital admissions have risen, referrals to specialist child mental health services increased by 64% between 2012-15

Answer 30

young people have to care for their parents unpaid and are relied on by the healthcare system by improving their support

Answer 31

labelling of youths in media as folk devils leads to a self fulfilling prophecy mods+ rockers

Answer 32

youths are labelled by media in 3 ways: deviant, dysfunctional, suffering a deficit these create negative treatment by public and a self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 33

study on ‘hoodies or altar boys’ and found 1. negative language to describe them 2.more stories about teens with crime than any other topic 3. few stories showed teen boys in a good light 4. 85% of teen boys said TV portrayed them more fairly than newspapers 5. teenagers were weary of other teens

Answer 34

children in custody in complex backgrounds: 3/4 have absent fathers half had to live in a deprived home half had run away others were from care homes

Answer 35

working class youths in london turn to crime for income due to deprivation ‘street casino’ is a term as they turn to crime and gamble their lives. ‘street capital’ is gained through committing deviant activities

Answer 36

ageism occurs in the workplace as there are stereotypical assumptions about a persons competency to do a job in relation to their age, older people find it harder to get a job and face stereotypes in the workplace

Answer 37

1 in 5 older people live below the poverty line, the majority of these are females living alone

Answer 38

the elderly are more likely to be found in the secondary labour market which is defined by low pay, low status, a lack of chance of promotion and few fringe benefits

Answer 39

the NHS is guilty of institutional ageism by being treated differently by being denied clinical treatments and often anything offered will be ‘end of life’ care compared to young people’s clear ‘care plans’

Answer 40

in some areas of the uk no one over the age of 75 is being offered crucial sugeries for cancer or knee and hip replacements -despite legislation making this illegal in 2012

Answer 41

elderly people were denied crucial services, and assessors appeared to not understand their care needs in healthcare systems. there was a 40% increase in social care complaints

Answer 42

elderly people were denied crucial services, and assessors appeared to not understand their care needs in healthcare systems. there was a 40% increase in social care complaints

Answer 43

stereotypes of representations of older people as ‘one dimensional’: grumpy old man, feisty old women, sickly old person

Answer 44

older people are ignored in media advertising and when they are included they are stereotyped and presented as a caricature of an elderly person- smelly and incontinent and in need of support

Answer 45

causes problems for employment as older people may be less comfortable using technology than youths who have grown up with it. also feel unable to cope with changes and a lack of understanding of popular conversations and activities which they may be unable to access in social media

Answer 46

the number of over 60s in jail topped 4000 for the first time in the record. the number of inmates with dementia has risen while cases of diabetes and hypertension have also soared. the prison system is not designed to facilitate the elderly

Answer 47

of those targeted by fraud scams, the financial loss for older victims was likely to be nearly twice as much per scam as that for younger age groups