Social And Emotional Development In Adolescence Flashcards
Dimensions of identity - the social identity theory
The perception of self and others based on the social groups that one belongs to
Erikson’s industry versus inferiority in the social and emotional development in adolescence
◦ industry versus inferiority
‣ I am good at these things, and this is what helps me to get attention from adults
◦ Identity versus role confusion
‣ Who am I going to become? Where am I going to go? Who am I?
• Finding who you are in your identity, but also knowing that it is ok to not know who you are. The people we worry about the most are those 13 or 14 year olds that know from that age exactly what they want to do for the rest of their life.
Marcia’s theory
◦ Marcia’s four stages of adolescent identity development based on crisis and commitment
• crisis
• Commitment
◦ Identity diffused
‣ Has not yet gone through a crisis but had also not yet become her own person and identified herself.
• Erikson would say people are developing their identities but may not have them yet. The cause is that they are young. • The negative is that adults tend to get very frustrated (when they don’t figure out their identity.) You should not force an identity on someone. ‣ essentially the same and diffused identity. The person has no plans for the future, still living at home with parents, and show little interest in exploring options.
Diffused identity
‣ Has not yet gone through a crisis but had also not yet become her own person and identified herself.
• Erikson would say people are developing their identities but may not have them yet. The cause is that they are young.
• The negative is that adults tend to get very frustrated (when they don’t figure out their identity.) You should not force an identity on someone.
‣ Her friend groups example: in her 30s and had a son but often said shew as butterfly and you can’t pin one down.
Example of diffused identity
‣ A high school senior with no plans for college or a career
- is someone who has not actively explored options for their identity and has not made any commitments to a certain part. They lack a clear sense of self
Foreclosed identity
‣ Has not yet gone through a crisis, but has identified themselves and found themselves.
‣ The things Erikson wants to ask: What is your vocation? What is your identity?
• It doesn’t matter where they are but they have the here is who I am, what I will be doing, and no one can change that are the people we should worry about.
• Religious and political identities are a huge part of this and becoming more of it.
‣ These people have made up their mind without ever having asked any question to make sure that there are sure of their decisions.
‣ A positive is that adults tend to love foreclosed identity individuals
‣ Negatives: these outweighs the positives. these individuals are likely to not do well later one. The people who are in a job that they do not want to be in, and do not know how to get out of it.
Example of foreclosed identity
• Ex: Tiger Woods, even before he was born, his dad said he would be the best golfer of all time, and the father would teach him right at being young. This can lead to this identity because they have never thought about what will make them happy and are told to, or the person themself doesnt have a reason for doing something.
Moratorium identity
‣ A classic path is to go from diffused directly to moratorium and never go to foreclosed.
• Ex: Mylie Cyrus during her wrecking ball era. She was in a crisis, can out from foreclosure and went onto this to do some interesting things.
‣ Super high stress time, you are in crisis and are making commitments.
• The intense questioning of; is this who I want to be? Is this what I actually want to do? Who am I and what do I believe?
‣ One of the most exciting times of life, an if you are doing the questioning it is stressful, but worth it. The cause is that you are willing to start asking questions about yourself and other things knowing that it is hard.
• The only way to get to a healthy identity
‣ Positives; I touted you on the right path for your own identity and your future later on.
‣ Negatives: can be a mess, and if not embraced can look bad.
Achieved identity
‣ The only way to become identity achieved is to go through the moratorium. Someone who is achieved is. Likely to know what they either struggle with or have struggled with. This individual knows themselves, has explored options and has made firm commitments
• The foreclosed people may often look like achieved, but are actually considered to be brittle. To get to be achieved you have to go through the search in life.
• Ex: you didn’t have a religion unless you went through the search.
‣ People need to know that just because you found your identity does not mean you are set in life, or that things are going to immediately work out with you. When facing struggles people who have already been identity achieved are most likely to end back up here.
The influence of Piaget
◦ when we think about moral development we think; not necessarily what they think but why they think this.
• stage framework
◦ Not always going to be what they do, but how they do it
• Importance of cognition for moral reasoning
◦ Cognitively we will have different expectations
◦ He believed that a child’s ability to understand and reason about moral situations is directly tied to their cognitive stage in life
• Rejection of moral relativism
◦ The theory that you can never judge anyone because you are not them. they want to discredit this.
‣ When people may begin to realize that rules are not absolute and some things are wrong no matter what. (Keep it to the bigs things like murder, rape, incest)
- it is not about wanting to judge everyone but be willing to stand up for things being wrong
Kohlberg’s stages -> level 1 description
preconventional morality (focus on self and what works for me personally)
‣ These are any child who is at the preoperational level of thinking, but plenty of adults stay here in terms of moral thinking.
Kohlberg’s stages -> level 1 (stage 1)
◦ Stage 1: punishment orientation (heteronomous)
‣ The theory that others are telling them what is right and wrong. Where individual make mortal decisions based on avoiding punishments and obeying rules to avoid consequence.
• In terms of the Heinz dilemma it is a moral though experiment that explores the conflict between legal obligations and personal mortality. In this he has to decide to either steal a medication or let his wife die.
◦ Typically in the first stage no one wants to steal the medication because it would be breaking a rule.
Kohlberg’s stages -> level 1 (stage 2)
◦ Stage 2: hedonistic orientation (instrumental)
‣ People’s moral decisions are primarily based on what brings them personal benefit or reward. Actions to satisfy their own needs or desires with very little regard for societal rules or needs of others.
• People at this stage may say “no he shouldn’t save her, because she will always be sick and we may suffer. If she dies he can still move on with life”
Kohlberg’s stages -> level 2 description
Conventional Morality
- lines up with the concrete operational stage
Kohlberg’s stages -> level 2 (stage 3)
Good - person/ bad person orientation (interpersonal normative)
‣ The focus is on how situational outcomes impact others and wanting to please and be accepted. Some focus on living up to social expectations and roles.
• Some people will say Heinz shouldn’t steal the medicine because then they will think he is a bad person. On the other hand, some will think that Heinz is a bad person if he lets his wife die. Some may argue that he was a good man for wanting to save his wife.
