Parental Styles And Culture Flashcards
Diana baumrind’s theory
- dimensions
- control and expectations
- warmth
◦ Dimensions
• Quite common for the mother and father to have different parenting styles. It is relational and some children will have different relationships with each parent.
◦ Her mother thought she was authoritarian, but was more authoritative and permissive. Her father was authoritative.
‣ Control and expectations
• Parents may become either more permissive or more controlling as the kid grows.
• How much is the parent clearly in control? Too much of either extreme is not good, a house with parent or child completely in control is bad. Want to see that the parent has control and expectations that are relatively high, but tied to reality.
◦ Know that they should do things and live, but also listen to them
‣ Warmth
• How much support does the child get in other ways?
◦ Do parents express the warmth? They may have these feelings but not show it, some may hug and touch while others may have words to imply warmth.
◦ Generally the attitude surveys done to assess this, pretty accurately show what is going on in the household.
Authoritarian
• In many parts of the world is incredibly common
‣ Description
• Parent is very high in control, and high in expectations, low in warmth. “The boot camp parents” (military fathers, preachers). A parent who does not like to be questioned. “My way or the high way, do it because I told you to”
• Women tend to often be authoritarian as well.
◦ These parents often love their parents, but because of their own world view or experience is that they have to treat their children like this. The theory that I love my child, but will be tough on them because the world is tough.
‣ Consequences
• Kids in these in school won’t cause trouble and are good about flowing rules, but tend to underachieve academically in other ways. A clearly defined task they are fine, but most feel anxiety that they won’t do well and get in trouble which hurts them. They are taught that asking questions is not good, so they wont’ as likely ask for support. In college years, and as adults some will become authoritarian, some when out of parents control will see that they don’t have to follow the rules
◦ With friends they may feel they need to compete with them, instead of being their friend and helping each other.
◦ In an environment where things are clearly defined they may do well, but when told to do something that is wrong they may do it because the authority figure told them to. They see apologies as a weakness.
• Some raised in this situation will look for someone who is a partner who is controlling and will tell them what to do.
Authoritative
‣ Description
• Parents who will probably make mistakes everyday, but has high expectations and warmth. The expectations are likely to change as the child grows up
◦ Expecting a two year old to do some things independently but not all by themself.
• Much more flexibility within this parenting style. Parents are more likely to have to catch themselves when doing something wrong. Is the hardest type of parenting because you have to balance things. When you are out of control, you need to be able to know when to apologize.
◦ Sometimes even if you really care, you have to hold your ground with the child even if you want to give into their behaviors.
◦ We generally see this isn’t the best parenting style, but in the U.S it is used often. Teaches people to negotiate respectfully in relationships, use the resources available to them confidently.
◦ They tend to be better at regulating their own behaviors, and are more likely to do the right thing, of what they perceive as that.
‣ Consequences
• We see a lot of reinforcement, and some punishment. The disappointment will happen in this. “I won’t Spank you, but we want you to know how disappointed we are in you” this is hurtful and turns into us internalizing the behavior and feeling bad about all things that might possibly be wrong.
Uninvolved/indifferent/neglectful
‣ Description
• Is neglectful parenting, low control and low warmth. the worst kind of parenting
◦ The parent does not take the important role that they should in their child’s life. Sometimes this may happen when a parent wants to be this figure but because of life circumstances they can not be that person.
‣ Try to keep from judging when a parent is living below the poverty level and is doing all that they can
‣ Consequences
• The child is more at risk for not growing up properly, being at risk for abuse and exploitation, risk for injuries because of the neglect, risk of malnutrition
◦ Tend to not do very well academically, simply because no one is helping support them. Big brother, big sister, boys and girls club can help.
• A risk for alcohol and substance abuse.
◦ Permissive indulgent
‣ Description
• The parents who love their babies that they never want to see them unhappy. The child is in obvious control, the warmth is so big it is overwhelming
◦ The children’s needs come before anyone else’s
‣ Consequences
• For a while it seems to go well, tend do be popular in school at first. Others tend to give in at first, but the classmates tend to get tired of it, and their tends to be a backlash.
◦ Often the kids are not as popular as they think they are
• Academically they tend to underlearn because they do not know how to work hard or persist at things when they get hard. Tend to end with high GPAs because they make their parents make the teachers lives miserable.
◦ Nothing will ever be the child’s fault.
Analysis of research - Correlational
• All of the parenting styles are Correlational, can’t force parents to be one of these which is a huge limitations
‣ Measure attitudes, not behaviors
• Don’t typically look at behaviors, the general trend hold up well. Is typically surgery research
Analysis of research - goodness of fit
• How well a parent fits
‣ Child factors
• If the child has severe forms of attention deficit disorder, or an adoptive child with an attachment disorder, or behavior problems will do better with an authoritarian parent. This is because of the strict guidelines and roles.
• Authoritative typically having the best outcome, may prefer to see authoritarian.
‣ Environment
• In some environments like Afghanistan being an authoritarian parent keeps your child alive. Having that upbringing is typically what keeps them alive and out of gangs. better in high risk environments.
Culture and parenting
- middle to high SES
• Parenting style
◦ More moving toward authoritative or permissive indulgent
• Value internal characteristics
◦ Autonomy
‣ The child feeling that they can do things on their own. In some cases it may be taken too far. Children need to be taught that their body is their own (hopefully helps prevent child abuse). Some parents take it too an extreme, like not bathing their child because they have autonomy.
‣ Want children to feel competent and like they can do things for themselves
◦ Critical thinking
‣ The children should be able to question things, think for themselves, and be able to fight for themselves.
• Views of discipline
◦ See discipline focused on timeouts, and awards instead of punishment (at least physically)
Culture and parenting
- lower income parents
• Parenting style
◦ Generally see the authoritarian or in extreme cases the neglectful parenting style.
◦ Often families living in rougher environments. The you obey me now makes sense.
• Value external characteristics
◦ Good grades
‣ Lower income parents are more likely to focus on good grades, instead of critical thinking.
◦ Obedience
‣ A good kid is one who is obedient and follows the rules. A low income child who is not obedient is judged a lot more that a upper class child.
• Views of discipline
◦ More focus on force and doing things because they are told to (authoritarian), more likely to use physical punishment.
‣ Spanking does not actually help this, and has many negative long-term effects.
Families from collectivist cultures
‣ Individualistic style, people as individuals (individual rights), see collectivist in other countries
• can effect:
◦ Parenting styles
‣ May see a lot of high control with warmth (mostly authoritarian, not too much negative effects)
◦ Extended families
‣ More people are available to provide support and warmth, but also more their to judge your decisions
◦ Sex roles
‣ See more defined sex roles, and more definite definitions of who should be doing what role. most families are not strictly one thing or another.
