Race And Culture Flashcards
Defining the term of race
◦ Not a biological concept
‣ There is no chromosome or genetic marker that defines this. Some things may be carried more often in a family line, but the general concept of race is not biological.
• Is highly cultural
◦ Ancestry is different than racial/ethnic group
‣ Since there is no biological real difference, there is no ancestry or cutoff point. It is a continuum. For each race there are a lot of different shades of skin, but still the same race.
• A positive side of this, is that you can have a pretty good idea of what your race and ethnicity is. However, some of this will lead to individuals knowing they may be at higher risk for a disease.
◦ Within group variability is more than between group differences
‣ We find a lot more variability within the group than we find differences.
Racism in the present
◦ “Old fashioned” racism is still alive
‣ Open racism is still alive in schools, families, and in public. Can sometimes be blatant
◦ Modern and implicit racism
• The kind of racism that comes up with comments like “I’m not racist but,”
• Often assumptions or comments that are not always meant to said but how the person believes
Microagressions -> especially in modern and implicit racism
‣ Microagressions
• A statement, action, or incident regarded as an instance of indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group such as a racial or ethnic minority.
Example of a Microagression
• Ex: commenting asking if someone had gotten a haircut. Then the friend gets excited an shows it of. The friend who asked the question comes back and says “Do you like it?” If either one of them makes a comment to someone else about it, it can come off as bad.
Structural racism - housing
◦ After the Civil War, during reconstruction there was a large fear of what would happen now that there were less slaves. Led to colored people only being in one part of town, and the wealthier houses being in the area the white people live in.
‣ Redlining - would draw a redline on the map then say we will only let colored people live in one section of the town.
‣ The way property and power is giving passed down from generation to generation, will always start with the house. Based on the location even if you renovate the house, you may not get more for it.
Structural racism - Environmental toxins
◦ Water crisis and lead in the waters
◦ We look at where the town dump is, where the water resource facility is, where the water plant for cleaning is. It is likely that all of this is where the “black” are was considered to be.
‣ In Jacksonville this was where the slaughter houses were. A lot of the old factories that are now closed was over there.
Structural racism - education
◦ Desegregation -> we officially are, but are we really. School districts will draw a line so that there may be low income or minority go to one school and higher ups go to another school. The schools with the higher income or minority children will get better; teachers, funds, and renovations.
Structural racism -> infrastructure
◦ The physical systems, facilities, and functions that support something/somewhere. In the areas that used to be considered colored areas are likely to have a poorer infrastructure.
‣ EX: worse roads, less street lamps, worse schools and educations, etc.
Structural racism - access to jobs
Based on the location you live in, the color of your skin, your level of learning, and many others things can effect your chances of getting a job
What do GI bills apply to
They only apply to someone who served for the country and is white.
- no other race received this
The GI bill
◦ College education
‣ Do not have to pay for your tuition or for the family.
◦ Housing loans
‣ Can get many housing loans, some may be very big.
◦ Medical care
‣ Can sometimes give medical care, but more likely in white people
◦ Employment preference
• Banking policies
◦ Many banking companies purposely give really bad loans that have balloon payments to people of color. This is especially for Wells Fargo
• Biased legal system
• More!
The self-fulfilling prophecy
◦ That once we set up our mind on something it is almost impossible to break that.
‣ The idea that a child is likely to live up to what we believe in them. However, if we believe something negative about the child it may end bad
The pygmalion effect
‣ a psychological phenomenon that describes how people’s performance is affected by positive or negative expectations
‣ The Pygmalion effect suggests that people are more likely to perform well when they are treated as if they are capable of success. This is because people tend to internalize positive labels and work hard to meet the expectations of those who believe in them.
‣ a psychological phenomenon that describes how people’s performance is affected by positive or negative expectations
What always happens with the pygmalion effect of the self-fulfilling prophecy
- there is always an influence, cause, and impact of this which then leads to us as individuals to reinforce this more and more until it is hard to stop it.
What can sometimes cause doctors and or nurses to dismiss a women’s complaints
The pygmalion effect and biases that they already had before coming into the room
