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NCE Exam > Social and Cultural Foundations > Flashcards

Social and Cultural Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Are cultures dynamic? Y/N

A

Yes

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2
Q

Macro culture

A

Dominant culture in a country

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3
Q

Acculturation*

A

Learning the behaviors and expectations of a culture

Ethnic groups adopt from majority

Can work opposite as well

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4
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Given group sees itself as standard - others are measured

Conveys that one group is superior

Universal

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5
Q

Emic*

A

Help client see culture
Treat individual, not all the same
Insiders perception of culture

emic-m=me

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6
Q

Etic*

A

Treat people as same
Similarities
Humans are humans - thus all theories can be applied

etic-t=them

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7
Q

Help client change to cope with environment

A

Autoplastic

Autobiography

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8
Q

Help client change environment

A

Alloplastic

O - CHANGE

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9
Q

Bias of tests

A

Euro American Eurocentric bias

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10
Q

Paralanguage

A

Nonverbal communication of the client, considered more accurate than verbal

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11
Q

Low vs High context communication

A

Edward T Hall
Low context: Explicit (verbal, summarizing)
High context: Implicit (nonverbal)

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12
Q

Stereotypes

A

Can be good and bad

Groups/all people are alike

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

Opinion based on insufficient evidence

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14
Q

Androgynous

A

Possess both masculine and feminine traits

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15
Q

Proxemics

A 
Spatial relations
personal space (i.e. sits too close)
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16
Q

Means tests

A

Eligibility for social assistance programs

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17
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A

Festinger

Evaluate our behaviors and accomplishments by comparing ourselves to others

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18
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Festinger
individuals change their beliefs to match behavior when there is a mismatch
Reduces tension created by inconsistency

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19
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Acknowledge information that supports POV and ignore what does not

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20
Q

SES

A

Must always be taken into account

15% of US lives in poverty

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21
Q

High Self monitoring

A

Care about what others think of them

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22
Q

Stanley Schachter

A

Misery loves company

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23
Q

Anglo Conformity

A

People from other cultures will forget about their culture to conform to macro culture

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24
Q

R/CID

A

Minority Identity Model

Atkinson, Morten, Sue’s Radial Identity Model

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25
Q

Minority Identity Model

A

1: Conform (prefer counselor from dominant culture)
2: Dissonance (prefer counselor from minority group)
3: Resistance (Reject dominant culture, accept self)
4: Introspection (prefer counselor from own racial group, mixed feelings)
5: Synergetic Articulation/Awareness (stop oppression, prefer counselor with same worldview, not just same race/culture)

Can go backward
Not everyone goes through the stages
Some don’t progress beyond 3rd

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26
Q

Native Americans Traits

A 
Suffer private
Speak little
Little eye contact
Storytelling
Family therapy
Young males - high suicide rate
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27
Q

African Americans

A 
Concrete skills for change
Systems based therapy
Short term counseling
Counselor self disclosure 
Misdiagnosis - schizophrenia
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28
Q

Asian Americans

A 
Most diverse group
Patriarchal
Academic/professional values
Less anger
Family therapy - as a whole
Counselor as authoritative 
Model minority
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29
Q

Latino

A

Catharsis: let feelings out
Do not separate from family
Low # of latino counselors

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30
Q

Gay and Lesbian

A

Raise children as happy and good cognitive skills

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31
Q

Pansexual

A

Attracted regardless of gender

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32
Q

Internalized homophobia

A

Self hatred about identity

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33
Q

Machismo

A

Women are subservient of men

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34
Q

Colorism

Color Blindness

A

Discrimination based on skin color

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35
Q

Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Zimbardo
1971
Situation can control behavior
Assigned roles

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36
Q

Robbers Case Experiment

A

Sherif

2 opposing groups of boys ended up working together to solve problem

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37
Q

Asch Situation

A

Solomon Asch
1950s
Conformity even when they know others are wrong

38
Q

Bystander Effect/Apathy

A

Darley and Latane
More people in a group, less likely they are to assist
1964 case of Kitty
Group inhibition for helping

39
Q

Obedience to Authority

A

Stanley Milgram
1963
65% gave painful shocks when instructed by authoritative figure

40
Q

AMCD

A

Division of ACA for Multicultural counseling

41
Q

Social Psychologists

A

Freud (Group)
Burkheim (Modern Sociology)
McDougall (Darwin Hormic, Selective Gene Sociology)
Ross (social psychology)

42
Q

Berne

A

Transactional Psychology

43
Q

Instinct to fight psychologists

A

Freud and Lorenz

44
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Bandura

Influenced by environment

45
Q

Levinson Theory Bias*

A

Bias towards women, proposed women meet needs of their families and husbands (Season’s of a woman’s/man’s life)

46
Q

Interpersonal Attraction Traits*

A

Proxemics, Psychical Attraction, Similar Beliefs

47
Q

Kohlberg Criticism

A

Gilligan - Gender bias in Kohlberg work

48
Q

Stanford Experiment Ethics

A

in 73 APA ruled as ethical, but not today.

49
Q

Dollard and Miller

A

Frustration Aggression Theory

50
Q

Albert Ellis

A

REBT Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

51
Q

Festinger

A

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

52
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

Balance Theory

People strive for balance, eliminate inconsistency

Example - smoke now to reduce stress, rather than live longer

53
Q

Mores

A

People are punished for violating mores

right or wrong of behavior

54
Q

Folkways

A

Breaking folkways results in embarrassment not punishment

55
Q

Frank Parsons

A

First social reformers - guidance

56
Q

Emory Bogardus

A

Social Distance Scale

How a person felt about an ethnic group

Distance = prejudice

57
Q

Foot in Door

A

Ask to come into the home

58
Q

TCK Third Culture Kid

A

children raised primarily in a culture different than parents

59
Q

National Culture

A

Central government, official language, etc

60
Q

Society v Culture*

A

Society = Self perpetuating group occupies a definitive territory

Culture = Can be within society but all members do not have to share culture

61
Q

Modal Personality

A

Personality of a typical group

62
Q

Gerontological*

A

Geriatric counseling

Gero

63
Q

Terminal Drop Theory

A

Intellectual decline last 5 years of life

64
Q

Approach-Approach

A

Justify behavior (i.e. read negative reviews of watch after selecting something else)

65
Q

Altruism

A

the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.

66
Q

Cognitive Dissonance deals with…

A

Attitudes and Cognition

67
Q

Flight to Health

A

Client improves too rapidly, ignoring main concern

68
Q

Monolithic Perspective

A

Perceive all people in a group as identical

69
Q

Connotation*

A

Emotional context of a word

Semantic - Words have different connotations

70
Q

Victor Frankle

A

Father of Logotherapy

Healing through meaning

71
Q

Fritz Pearls

A

Father of Gestalt Therapy

72
Q

Brown v Board of Education

A

Instrumental in multicultural counseling

Desegregation of schools

73
Q

Malingering

A

Fakes distress to avoid work, school etc

74
Q

Personalism

A

See client who has learned a set of survival skills not diseased
Adjust to environment

75
Q

Race

A

See traits - genetics

76
Q

Ethnicity

A

cultural factors

77
Q

Floyd Allport

A

Social Facilitation

Perform better in a group

78
Q

Sleeper Effect

A

Forget communicator but remembers the message

Delay before the client accepts the message

79
Q

Jacob Moreno

A

Psychodrama

Group Therapy

80
Q

Anne Roe

A

Jobs can compensate for unmet child needs

81
Q

Arthur Janov

A

Primal Scream Therapy

82
Q

AT Beck

A

Cognitive Therapy

83
Q

Robert Harper

84
Q

Stanley Schachter

A

Affiliation

Need to affiliate decrease for later born children

85
Q

Avoidance-Avoidance

A

Two negative alternatives

86
Q

Approach-Avoidance

A

Positive and Negative options

87
Q

Osgood and Tannenbaum

A

Congruity Theory

Client will accept suggestions if the client likes the counselor

88
Q

Salad Bowl Model of Diversity

A

People are mixed yet retain their identity

89
Q

Psychosocial Experiments

A

Lack external validity (not done in the natural environment)

90
Q

SES and Introspection

A

Clients tend to be introspective when from a higher SES

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