Research Flashcards
Correlation
Association NOT Cause
Correlation #s
-1 to 0 to +1
0 is no correlation
+1 or -1 are perfect
Positive Correlation
Study more, grade goes up
Negative Correlation
More you brush your teeth, less you will have cavities
Bubbles
Flaws, like in a sticker
True Experiment
2 or more groups and random sample
Systematic Sampling
Every 9th or so person taken
Quasi
Cannot control the IV
+ external validity
- internal validity
Independent Variable IV
Experimental Variable
Manipulate
I manipulate the variable.
Dependent Variable DV
Control Group
I like dependency and control.
Expresses the outcome.
Null Hypothesis
All experiments have one
Means no correlation
Experimental or Alternative Hypothesis
Is there a significant difference?
Type 1 Alpha Error
Rejects the Null that is true
Rejection is the #1 thing you shouldn’t do to a person!
Type 2 Beta Error
Accepts Null when it should have been rejected
Significance Level for Social Sciences
.05 or less
.01 or .001
N=1
Single Subject Design - Case Study
Confound Experiment
Research inaccurate
Demand characteristics
Cue
Can confound an experiment
Obtrusive
Subjects KNOW they are being observed
Unobtrusive
Subjects DO NOT KNOW they are being observed
Internal Validity
High when inside the studies there are few flaws
External Validity
High when results can be generalized outside
Test to compare 2 means
T Test
ANOVA
2 or more means to compare
F Value Tables
MANOVA
More than one DV
Ex Post Facto
Casual Comparative Design
After the Fact
Descriptive Stats
Central Tendencies
Quartiles
3 data points
25%
505h Mean
75%
Statistical Analysis
Correlation coefficients, t tests et
Longitudinal Research
Same individuals over time
Cross Sectional Research
Relies on observation from a given point of time
Formulative Evaluation
During treatment or program
Summative or Outcome Evaluation
End of program
Between Groups
Uses different subjects in different groups
Within Groups
Same subjects
Institutional Research Board (IRB)
Approval required before conducting human research
Idiographic
Single subject research
Nomothetic
Groups of individuals
Lewin
Action Research
Loofbourrow loves Actions
Improve situation
MVP of research
Experiment
Parsimony
Simple
Razor
Simple Manner
Groups in Experiment
Control and Experimental
Control: DV
Experiment: IV
of people as subjects
least 30
Fisher
Hypothesis
Fishing for hypos.
T Test
Test two sample means
Correlation Coefficient
Nothing manipulated
Only measured
The relationship
