social 2nd year

Question 1

what is the social exchange theory

Answer 1

weighing up costs and benefits

Question 2

what is reciprocal altruism

Answer 2

helping in the hope that we will receive help in the future

Question 3

what is responsibility - prosocial value orientation

Answer 3

when you feel responsible as you are able to help

Question 4

what is the kin selection theory

Answer 4

we help others with similar genetics e.g family

Question 5

why did levine want to carry out his study

Answer 5

he noticed that previous research was ethnocentric

Question 6

what were the 3 aims of levines study

Answer 6

to see if tendency to help within a city was stable between the 3 conditions
to see if helping strangers varies across cultures
to identify characteristics of communities in which strangers are more /less likely to be helped

Question 7

what research design was levines study

Answer 7

quasi and independent measure

Question 8

what was the Confederate in levines study

Answer 8

a student going home for summer
neatly and casually dressed
all male
all given same instruction sheet and training

Question 9

what was the blind condition in levines study

Answer 9

White cane and dark glasses
went to a city intersection with a pedestrian crossing with a moderate steady pedestrian flow
step out and wait for help just before light turned green
help - at least told light was green
stopped after 60s or red light

Question 10

what is the dropped pen condition In levines study

Answer 10

walked at moderate pace 10s-15paces
towards a solitary pedestrian crossing in opposite direction
10-15ft away drop pen
helping - telling them or picking it up
214 men 210 women

Question 11

what was the hurt leg condition in levines study

Answer 11

253 men and 230 women
heavy limp and leg brace
at 20ft of pedestrian they dropped magazines and struggled to pick them up
helping -offered to help or picked up the magazines

Question 12

how many cities was levines stufy done in

Answer 12

23

Question 13

who was excluded from levines stidy

Answer 13

under 17s
old
disabled

Question 14

how were participants selected in levines study

Answer 14

the 2nd potential person who crossed a predetermined line

Question 15

what were the results from levines study

Answer 15

aim 1- modest level of consistency across 3 helping measures
aim 2 - amount of help differed alot across 3 countries e.g 93% in rio and 40% in Kuala lupar
aim 3- only characteristic which had a significant relationship with helping was purchasing power parity

Question 16

what are the conclusions from levines study

Answer 16

helping behaviour is inversely related to a countries economic productivity countries with simpatia are more helpful

Question 17

what is simpatia

Answer 17

proactive socioemotional orientation and concern with wellbeing of others

Question 19

What is the aim of kohlbergs study

Answer 19

To find evidence to support his stage theory of moral development and how morals develop over time

Question 20

What is the sample of kohlbergs study

Answer 20

75 American boys
Age 10-16 at start of study and 22-28 at the end of the study
Also studied over cultures eg GB Mexico turkey

Question 21

What is the procedure in kohlbergs study

Answer 21

Ps given a paragraph with a situation that could be morally or legally wrong - Heinz dilemma
Studied at three year intervals over 12 years on reasoning to Heinz dilemma

Question 22

What were the reasonings for kohlbergs Heinz’s dilemma at the different stages

Answer 22

Obedience and punishment- shouldn’t steal as it’s bad so would go to prison
Self interest orientation- shouldn’t steal as prison is worse than wife’s death
Conformity to rules +expectations- stealing looks bad
Authority and social order - stealing is illegal
Social contract orientation-shouldn’t steal as pharmacist has right to be paid
Universal ethical principal - should steal drug as saving life is more important than law

Question 23

What are the findings from kohlbergs study

Answer 23

Ps progressed through stages with age some never reached stage 6
At age 16 the stage 5 were more prevalent in Americans and reached later in Mexican or Taiwanese cultures

Question 24

What were the conclusions from kohlbergs study

Answer 24

Moral development occurs with age
Order of processing was consistent with culture
Social or cultural differences could affect the speed at which individuals process the stages

Question 25

what were the 6 stages of moral development in kohlbergs study

Answer 25

1.obedience and punishment
2.self interest orientation
3.conformity to expectation
4.authority and social order
5.social contract orientation
6.universal ethical principles