individual differences Flashcards
what is the aim of freuds study
to conduct a case study which would provide supporting evidence for his theory of pyschosexual development
what was the procedure in freuds study
little Hans father was a follower of freuds work who consented for hans behaviour to be analysed
his father wrote to frued telling him how his son behaved and what his dreams had been about and freud would interpret this and relay it back to the father
what was the aim of baron cohens study
to investigate a new theory of mind test for adults as previous ones were created for children
what is autism
a lifelong development disorder characterised by a triad of impairments
what does autism affect
social communication - reading between lines
social imagination- cant understand point of view of other people
relationships- eye contact and facial expressions
what is aspergers
a form of autism
people usually have fewer communication issues and above average intelligence
what is theory of mind
individuals ability to understand that others may have different feelings and knowledge
what did the strange stories task test for
white lies and figures of speech
if a child has theory of mind where do they say the marble is
box
what was the eyes task
a theory of mind task used for adults
looking at a picture of eyes region and chosing between two words to describe them
what controls were used in the eyes task
all from magazine
15x 10cm
showed from above eyebrows to bridge of nose
what is tourettes
neurological condition charactersied by uncontrolable sounds and movements
what is the sample for condition 1
16 autistic
from adverstisement in magazine
sample for condition 2
50 normal
recruited by subject panel in uni
sample from condition 3
10 touettes
from tertiary referall centre in london
how many photos were shown in the eyes task
25 for 3 seconds each
what was the strange stories task designed for
as an advanced theory of mind task to check validity of eyes task
what condition did not complete the strange stories
normal
what was the gender recognition task
used as a control and used same photos as the eyes task
what 4 tasks did the participants complete
strange stories
gender recognition
eyes task
basic emotion recognition
what were the six emotions
happy
sad
angry
discgust
Afraid
suprised
what were the 2 control tasks in the study
the basic emotion recognition and the gender recognition
what were the results for mean score on eyes task
autism-16.3 suggests that subtle theory of mind deficits at later age in individuals with autism
normal-20.3
tourettes-20.4
why did females perform better on eyes task
suggests females have socialisation or genetic advantages
more research needs to be done
what conditions had no significant difference
basic emotion or gender recognition
what are the conclusions from baron cohens study
adult with autism or aspergers have subtle deficits in mind reading ability however females are slightly better
what was freuds interpretation of the bath fantasy
hans had death wish for his sister because he wanted his mum all to himself
phobia of bath expressed fear of punishment
evidence for oedipus complex hans was in love with his mother
what was freuds interpretation of castration anxiety
hans began to fear that a doctor would cut off his widdler because his mum caught him playing with it and to stop otherwise doctor would cut it off
what was freuds interpretation of phobia of horses .
Freud said that the horse represented Hans father who also had a dark beard . Hans had displaced his unconscious anxieties about his father and they surfaced as a fear of horses .
what was freuds interpretation of giraffe dream .
Freud said the crumpled giraffe represented hans mother and the big giraffe was the father objecting to hans stealing his mother away .
what was freuds interpretation of the plumber fantasy
Freud says this was hans beginning to identify with his father as he wanted a larger bottom and widdler like his father.
