criminal psychology - collection of evidence

Question 1

what type of interview is used for suspects

Answer 1

Reid interrogation

Question 2

what type of interview is used for witnesses

Answer 2

cognitive or standard interview

Question 3

what are the 9 steps of Reid interrogation

Answer 3

confrontation
theme development
stopping denials
overcoming objections
getting attention
handling mood
presenting alternative
confession in front of witness
written confession

Question 4

what are the 4 techniques used in the cognitive interview

Answer 4

mental reinstatement of context
report everything
change perspective
reverse orders

Question 5

what is the enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 5

includes more social aspects and techniques to improve communication , minimize distraction and tailoring the language to suit the witness

Question 6

what are the strengths of Reid interrogation

Answer 6

standardised 9 steps to increase reliability
can lead to confession by increasing anxiety of suspect

Question 7

what are the weaknesses of Reid interrogation

Answer 7

may lead to false confession
can be time consuming
training is needed

Question 8

what are the strengths of the cognitive interview

Answer 8

standardised 4 components
can improve accuracy of memory
based on research

Question 9

what are the weaknesses of the cognitive interview

Answer 9

could be time consuming
memory could be reconstructed
training needed

Question 10

what are the strengths of the enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 10

rapport is made with the witness so they may feel relaxed leading to a more valid outcome
offers closure

Question 11

what are the weaknesses of the enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 11

could be time consuming
memory could become reconstructed
training needed

Question 12

what is the aim of the background research by fisher

Answer 12

to find evidence that the cognitive interview works

Question 13

what is the procedure of the background research by fisher

Answer 13

field experiment with 16 detectives from miami
only 7 were trained to use the cognitive interview
interviews were recorded and analysed by a team at california university who were blind to the conditions
researchers counted number of facts remembered

Question 14

what were the findings from fishers background study

Answer 14

after cognitive interview training the 7 detectives gained 47% more information after training compared to previous interviews
detectives also gained 63% more information from witnesses compared to the 9 untrained detectives