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A level psychology > research methods > Flashcards

research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

what do guidelines say about debriefing

A

a debrief should always be given so PS know full aim of study

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2
Q

what do ethical guidelines say about observation

A

participants can only be observed covertly in a public place

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3
Q

what comes under respect

A

consent , withdrawal and confidentiality

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4
Q

what comes under competence

A

advice

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5
Q

what comes under responsibility

A

protection and debrief

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

How do you overcome deception

A

Give debrief at end

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8
Q

How do you overcome consent issues

A

Gain informed consent or debrief participants at the end

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9
Q

How do you overcome issues with confidentiality

A

Anonymise participants data eg by giving them a participant number

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10
Q

How do you overcome issues with withdrawal

A

Gain informed consent at the start of the study

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11
Q

How do you overcome issues with protection

A

Avoid harm
Debrief and advice at end of

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12
Q

What is random sampling and what are the strengths and weaknesses

A

When every member of target population has equal chance of being picked
E.g pulling names out of hat
Strength : unbiased
Weakness : time consuming
People selected may not want to take part

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13
Q

What is opportunity sampling

A

People readily available at time of study are picked
Quick and cheap
However it may be biased as all participants are selected from the same place

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14
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of volunteer sampling

A

Strengths : less withdrawal as participants signed themselves up for it
Weaknesses : bias as certain types of people are more likely to take part

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15
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of snowball sampling

A

Strengths : useful for hard to reach populations
Weaknesses : biased as participants are likely to recruit people like them

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16
Q

What is a self report

A

A method that involves asking participants about their thoughts feelings or opinions towards something

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17
Q

What is a questionnaire

A

Questions to gather information

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18
Q

What is an interview

A

Technique used to collect data on people’s thoughts , involves social interaction

19
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of questionnaires

A

Able to reach large populations
Anonymous so may encourage honesty

Not everyone responds
Possible bias

20
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of interviews

A

Questions can be altered based on responses

Responses may be altered due to feeling judged by the researcher
Time consuming

21
Q

What are the strengths of a structured interview

A

Easy to compare answers and replicate
Lack depth and detail and participants may feel uncomfortable as it’s formal

22
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of semi structured interviews

A

Participants can expand on answers giving more detail
Hard to replicate or compare answers

23
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of unstructured interviews

A

Flexible and researcher can build relationship with participant

Data may not be relevant
Time consuming and hard to replicate

24
Q

What is a semantic differential rating scale

A

Scale that measures a persons attitude towards something by putting it on a scale between two descriptive words

25
Q

What are the strengths of semantic differential rating scale

A

Easy to analyse
Descriptive words give the scale more meaning

26
Q

What are the weaknesses of a semantic differential rating scale

A

Open to response bias
Lack depth and detail

27
Q

What is a likert scale

A

A type of rating scale that allows people to indicate how much they agree or disagree with a statement

28
Q

What are the strengths of using a likert scale

A

Tells you strength of an opinion
Easy to analyse

29
Q

What are the weaknesses of using a likert scale

A

Open to response bias
Data has to be proccessed before it can be analysed

30
Q

What is a structured observation and what are the strengths and weaknesses

A

Researcher has predetermined behaviours that they tally as they occur
Strengths - easy to record and analyse
High inter rated reliability
Weaknesses - Lowe validity and increased observer bias

31
Q

What are unstructured observations and what are the strengths and weaknesses

A

The researcher has no predetermined behaviours to look out for
Strengths - higher validity and reduced observer bias
Weaknesses - low inter rater reliability and harder to observe

32
Q

What is a participant observation and what are the strengths and weaknesses

A

Observer is part of the group or pretending to be part of the group being observed
Strengths - more accuracy and detail
Weaknesses - increased observer bias

33
Q

What are non participant observations and what are the strengths and weaknesses

A

Observer is not part of the group of people being observed
Strength - decreased observer bias
Weaknesses - decreased accuracy and detail

34
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of overt observations

A

Increased ethics but increased observer effects

35
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of covert observations

A

Decreased observer effects but they have decreased ethics

36
Q

What are strengths and weaknesses of time sampling

A

Easier to record data but behaviours outside of time frames are likely to be missed

37
Q

What are strengths and weaknesses of event sampling

A

Less likely to miss behaviour but data is harder to record

38
Q

What are coding frames and what is the strengths and weaknesses

A

Behavioural categories are coded and can be rated for severity
May be more detailed than checklists
May be open to bias and not consistent

39
Q

What stats test would you use for ordinal data with independent measures design

A

Mann Whitney u

40
Q

What stats test would you use for nominal level data and independent measures design

A

Chi squared

41
Q

What stats test would you use for repeated measures design and nominal level data

A

Binomial sign test

42
Q

What stats test would you use for ordinal level data and repeated measures or matched pairs design

A

Wilcoxon signed ranks

43
Q

What stats test would you use for ordinal / interval level data and a correlation

A

Spearman’s Rho

A level psychology (14 decks)

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