cognitive 2nd year

Question 1

what is attention

Answer 1

involves the cognitive processing of information through a set of filters

Question 2

what is a dichotic listening task

Answer 2

involve having two stimuli presented at the same time , 1 to each each ear

Question 3

what is selective attention

Answer 3

the ability to focus on one set of information that will be important to us whilst ignoring anything irrelevant can be broken e.g by hearing your name -cocktail party effect

Question 4

what was the aim of morays 1st study

Answer 4

to investigate whether selective attention occurs

Question 5

what is the sample in morays 1st study

Answer 5

female and male undergraduate students and research workers

Question 6

describe the word recognition test from exp 1 in morays study

Answer 6

happened 30s after task
21 words
7 from passage
7 from rejected
7 from neither

Question 7

what were the mean number of words recognised from first exp of morays study

Answer 7

from passage -4.9
from rejected word list - 1.9
from neither -2.6

Question 8

what are the conclusions from morays First experiment

Answer 8

unattented info is not processed and therefore not recognised
selective attention effects do occur supporting Broadbent

Question 9

what controls are used in morays study

Answer 9

all passages recorded by same male speaker 150 words a min
brennel mark IV modified to give 2 outputs

Question 10

aim and sampleof exp 2 of moray

Answer 10

whether meaningful info breaks selective attention barriers.g name
12 female and male undergrad students and research workers

Question 11

moray 2nd experiment procedure

Answer 11

2 passages played at same time and told to listen to right ear and shadow it
they would receive instructions to change ear in 3 rejected passages name was in instruction
attention measured as they changed ear and shadowed

Question 12

what were the results and conclusions from morays 2nd experiment

Answer 12

with name without name
presented -39. 36
20. 4
meaningful attention is enough to break selective attention barrier

Question 13

what was the aim and sample of morays 3rd experiment

Answer 13

to check validity of 2nd experiment to see if the instructions affected the results
28 female and male undergraduate students

Question 14

what was the procedure of morays 3rd experiment

Answer 14

1 Condition told to remember as many digits as possible and the other condition was told to answer questions about the shadowed message
random digits played in either 1, both or no ears p`s asked to recall them

Question 15

what was the conclusion of morays 3rd experiment

Answer 15

no significant difference between the 2 conditions so the warning had no effect , numbers were insignificant so didnt break attention barrier

Question 16

what is the overall conclusion from morays study

Answer 16

selective attention does occur and most info is lost if attention is not payed to it
important info breaks the barrier

Question 17

what are the 4 independent variables in Simons and chabris study

Answer 17

opaque or transparent video
Easy -count passes or hard -count bounce and aeriel passes
either umbrella woman or gorilla walking across screen
counting passes for Black or white team

Question 18

what was the aim of Simons and chabris study

Answer 18

to build on previous research into divided visual attention and further investigate innatentional blindness

Question 19

what was the sample from Simons and chabris study

Answer 19

228 undergraduate students

Question 20

how many participants data was used in Simons and chabris study

Answer 20

192

Question 21

what were the overall results from Simons and chabris study

Answer 21

54 % noticed event
48% didn’t

Question 22

what were the results from the transparent vs opaque condition

Answer 22

transparent-42%
opaque-67%

Question 23

what were the results from the gorilla vs umbrella woman

Answer 23

gorilla-44%
umbrella woman-65%

Question 24

what was the results from the hard /easy Condition

Answer 24

easy-64%
hard-45%

Question 25

what are the conclusions from Simons and chabris study

Answer 25

innatentional blindness does occur jn dynamic events
level of innatentional blindness depends on difficulty of task
unexpected event more likely to be noticed if it is similar to what we are already focused on
there is no conscious perception without attention