child psychology- intelligence Flashcards
what did Charles spearman refer to intelligence as
general cognitive ability
what factors did Louis Thurston say help define intelligence
verbal comprehension and reasoning
what did Raymond cattell categorise intelligence into
fluid intelligence - innate ability
crystallised intelligence -knowledge that has been learned and taken in
what did horn suggest
fluid intelligence decreases as we age and crystallised intelligence increases as we age
what biological factors can affect intelligence
genetic transference
nutrition
maternal stress
toxic substances
what did Lucas do
studied 424 preterm babies who weighed less than 4lbs at birth
360 who survived were studied at 7 1/2 to 8 years old
compared use of standard formula milk and nutrient enriched formula milk either on its own or alongside breastmilk
boys aged 7 1/2 to 8 who were fed standard milk had lower IQ
(12 POINTS BELOW ON AVERAGE)
describe kings background study
140 children who were born after the Quebec ice storm were studied at age 5
children who’s mothers had reported high levels of stress whilst pregnant had IQ average of 15 points lower
what was the aim of van leeuwens study
investigate the genetic relationship between family members and IQ
what is the sample of van leeuwens study
112 families from the Netherlands
either mono or dizygotic twins with a sibling between 9 and 14 and 2 parents
all passed screening for disabilities , mental illness and metal materials that could affect the MRI
What is the method in van leeuwens study
parents signed consent forms and children got a present for taking part
biological, hormonal data was collected and MRI scans were done
cognitive testing was done based on raven standard progressive matrices for kids
adults did raven advanced progressive matrices
got 3 breaks and testing took around 5 hours
what are the results from van leeuwens study
no differences in IQ scores between males and females
monozygotic twins had more similar IQ scores than dizygotic
high correlation between parents and Childs IQ scores
heritability estimate 67%
what are the conclusions from van leeuwens study
the more similar the genetic makeup the more similar the IQ score so Iq is inherited
what are the methods of assessing intelligence - applications
- weschler intelligence scale
uses skill and ability based questions to measure cognitive ability
designed to improve previous tests as they were not sufficient at measuring intelligence of different age groups - ravens progressive matrices
non verbal culturally fair ,multiple choice IQ test that measures fluid intelligence - human figure drawing test
measures intelligence through drawing scored in a rating scale
helps professionals infer levels of cognitive development in a child
