Social Flashcards
Social Cognition
Making sense of information around us
Social Perception
- Understand and make judgements of other people’s behaviours
Social Interaction
Process by which people interact with each other
Person Perspective
Characteristics that individuals carry into social situations
- E.G. Self esteem, extraversion
Situational Perspective
Environmental and circumstances outside of the person’s control
- E.G. Social norms in Uni vs in a pub
Attribution Theory
Giving a casual explanation for someone’s behavior, crediting either internal dispositions (personality) or external situations
Covariation Model
People ask themselves questions to determine if they will make an internal or external attribution
- Consistency information: Does the actor behave the same toward the stimulus in different situations
- Consensus Information: Do other people behave the same toward the stimulus?
- Distinctiveness Information: Does the actor behave the same toward different stimuli?
Correspondence Bias/Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency to over-attribute behaviour to personality traits and underestimate situational influence
- E.G. See someone speeding and assume they are reckless driver
Quiz Show Paradigm
Attitudes
Organisation of belief, feelings and behaviour tendencies toward people
Measurements of attitudes
- Explicit attitudes - Conscious
E.G. People fake their response because they don’t want reseracher to think negatively of them - Implict attitudes - Unconscious
Implicit Association Test (HAT)
Findings: If you have pre-existing association between “flowers and good words” it should take you longer to respond to “flower and bad words”
Theory of Reasoned Action
- Behavior change is determined by the intention to perform a behavior
- See docs
Theory of Planned Behaviour
- Easy or difficulty of performing behaviour added to Theory of Reasoned Action
- See docs
Cognitive Dissonances
- State of conflict after they make a particular decision
- Makes us feel unpleasant so we are motivated to CHANGE BEHAVIOUR, CHANGE OPINION, ADD NEW COGNITIONS
Reasons for Attitude Shift
- Motivational - Reduce tension of holding two opposing beliefs
- Purely Cognitive - Observe own behaviour
Elaboration Likelihood Model
- How people can be persuaded
- See docs
Elaboration Likelihood Model: CENTRAL ROUTE
- Thinks carefully about the message
- Pay attention to quality of argument
Elaboration Likelihood Model: PERIPHERAL MODEL
Emotional appeal
Stereotypes
Characteristics and beliefs about a group
Prejudice
Positive or negative attitude towards a group
Discrimination
Harmful behaviour towards a group
Causes of Stereotypes
- Social Identity Theory - Categorise people into “us” and “them” groups
- Stereotypes are transmitted through culture and society