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0011 > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A
  • How senses transform physical properties of the environment
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2
Q

Perception

A
  • Process of organising and interpreting the senses
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3
Q

Dimensionality Reduction

A
  • Organising a huge collection of flavors into a few main groups
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3
Q

Six Senses

A
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Somatosensation
  • Taste
  • Olfactory
  • Vestibular
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4
Q

Papillae

A
  • Small bumps on tongue
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5
Q

Types of Papillae

A
  1. Filliform - don’t contain taste buds
  2. Fungiform - contain taste buds
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6
Q

Primary Taste Sensations

A
  1. Sweet: Identify energy rich nutrients
  2. Salty: Maintain electrolyte balance
  3. Sour: Acidity (Dangerous at high levels)
  4. Bitter: Potential poison
  5. Umami:Detection of amino acids
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7
Q

Innate Preference Sweetness

A

Innate Preference Sweetness

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8
Q

Taste Urban Legend

A

Docs

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9
Q

How Does Taste Sensation Work

A
  • In each taste bud it recognises either bitter, salty, sweet, sour or umami only
  • Not each taste bud recognises every thing
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10
Q

Supertaster

A
  • More sensitive to bad tastes such as bitterness
  • More common in women
  • More common in asians and africans
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11
Q

Spice

A
  • Doesn’t stimulate taste buds but stimulates pain receptors
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12
Q

Smell

A
  • Airborne molecules that bond mucosa inside the nose
  • Dogs have 300 million nerve cells to detect odours but we have 5 million
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13
Q

Shape Pattern Theory of Olfaction

A
  • When an odour molecule fits with a receptor in nose, it triggers a signal in the brain.
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14
Q

Detection of Mechanical Stimuli

A
  • Identify shapes and texture of objects to monitor internal and external forces acting on the body
  • E.G. Determining how much force is required to apply when picking something up
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15
Q

Mechanosensory Processing

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors
  2. Nociceptors (pain)
  3. Thermoreceptors (temperature)
  • The strength depends on the number of action potentials generated
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16
Q

Proprioceptors

A
  • How is it that I know without looking what position my arm is in?
17
Q

Types of Touch Fibres

A
  1. Rapidly Adapting
  • Information about change
  • Stimuli in a brief, maximum way
  1. Slowly Adapting
  • Information about shape
18
Q

Dynamic Sensitivity in Skin Senses

A
  1. Tactile Afterimages
  • After touching something rough, a medium rough surface will feel smooth
  1. Tactile Adaptation
  • When you first put on clothes you will feel the pressure on your head
  • When you take off hat after a long day, you can still feel it
  1. Active vs Passive Touch
  • You will perceive more when you feel something yourself compared to someone guiding your hand for you
19
Q

Types of Nociceptors and Thermoreceptors

A
  1. Myelinated Axons
  • Sends information to brain at 20 metres per second
  1. Unmyelinated Axons
  • Sends information to brain at 2 metres per second
  • E.G. Stub your toe, there is first initial pain and then there is second wave of pain
20
Q

Capsaicin

A
  • Eating more chillis is not getting use to spice but releasing fewer pain signals
21
Q

Hyperalgesia

A
  • Pain does not adapt
  • Chronic pain can grow in psychological intensity overtime
22
Q

Thermoreceptors

A
  • If your hands are really cold, warm water will feel very hot
23
Q

Eye Shit

A
  • Smooth Pursuit - Eye tracks a target smoothly
  • Saccadic Eye Movement - If there is no target, eye can’t track smoothly
24
Q

Parts of Ear

A
  1. Outer ear - collects sound
  2. Middle ear - amplifies sound
  3. Inner ear - converts sound to signals for brain
25
Q

Vestibular Sense Organ

A
  • Senses balance and movement
  • Detects head movements and helps keep you upright
26
Q

Vestibular Ocular Reflex

A
  • Keep your vision steady when you move your head
27
Q

Pitch

A
  • How high or low a sound is
28
Q

Loudness

A
  • How strong the sound is
29
Q

TImbre

A
  • Tone of sound
30
Q

Phase Locking

A
  • Neurons sync with the sound wave’s frequency
  • Mainly for low-frequency sounds.
31
Q

White Sound

A
  • All frequencies mixed together so blocks outside noise
32
Q

Problem of Image Formation

A
  • Getting a clear image when light comes from many directions
  • Pinhole camera only lets in a tiny amount of light, so it’s always in focus
33
Q

Myopia Prevalence

A
  • Indoors
  • Close-up tasks
34
Q

Duplicity Theory

A
  • Daytime Vision
  • Night vision
35
Q

Rods

A
  • Evenly distributed around the retina
  • Night time vision
36
Q

Cones

A
  • Highly concentrated in the fovea BUT sparsely distributed around the periphery
  • Daytime vision
37
Q

Binocular Disparity

A
  • Difference in the image seen by each eye because of their slight separation
  • Perceives depth
38
Q

Oculomotor Cues to Depth

A
  • Depth cues that come from the movement of our eye muscles
39
Q
A

0011 (12 decks)

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