social Flashcards
attribution theory
explanation of behavior based on situation or personality
actor-observer bias
the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes
fundamental attribution error
underestimate situation and overestimate personality
central route to persuasion
change people’s attitude through incidental cues (ex: speaker’s attractiveness attracts you rather than skills)
foot in the door phenomenon
complying with a small request then leads to a larger request
door in the face phenomenon
a large request is turned down and this makes you more likely to comply with a small request
halo effect
if your 1st impression of someone is positive, you’ll interpret other info about them positively
Stanford Prison Experiment
Zimbardo
experiment on social roles
conformity experiment
Soloman Asch experiment with lines
normative social influence
we conform to gain approval or to not stand out from the group
informational social influence
we conform to others because we think their opinions must be right
obedience experiment
Stanley Milgram shock experiment
social facilitation
perform better on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others
social loafing
tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling effort together
deindivduation
loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in a group situation
group polarization
the more time spent with a group, the stronger the thoughts and opinions will become
groupthink
desire for harmony within a group
risky shift
group makes riskier decisions together than alone
ingroup
people with common identity in group
outgroup
people not in group
ingroup bias
tendency to favor group
scapegoat theory
prejudice offers an outlet for anger by pushing the blame onto others (blaming crime on immigrants)
ethnocentrism
tendency to see your own group as more important than the others
just-world phenomenon
tendency for people to believe the world is just and therefore people get what they deserve (ex: homeless people)
social learning theory
Bandura
observing violence in others makes us more violent
frustration-aggression hypothesis
frustration creates anger which leads to aggression
hostile aggression
emotional, impulsive anger
instrumental aggression
premediated, goal is to get something (ex: bullying for lunch money)
mere exposure effect
repeated exposure to a novel stimuli increases liking of them
physical attractiveness
pretty people are thought to be more credible and less likely to do bad things
altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
bystander effect
the more people around the less likely we are to help someone
social exchange theory
social behavior is an exchange process: aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs
reciprocity norm
we give so we can get
social trap
conflicting parties pursue their own best interests which can result in destructive results (ex: bonus points game played in class)
false-consensus effect
we overestimate the degree to which everyone else thinks/acts the way we do
self serving bias
readiness to perceive ourselves favorably
spotlight effect
tendency of an individual to overestimate the extent to which others pay attention to them
stereotype threat
feel at risk of conforming to group, influences behaviors and cognition
