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AP PSYCH CRAM! > clinical psychology > Flashcards

clinical psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

defining abnormal behavior

A

requires “clinically significant” disturbance and significant distress or disability in social situations, occupations, etc.

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2
Q

medical model

A

treatment of disorders (biological orgin)

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3
Q

biopsychological model

A

biological, psychological, and social causes/treatments

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4
Q

diagnosing

A

DSM: manual listing and classification of all disorders

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5
Q

generalized anxiety disorders

A

generally anxious for no reason

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6
Q

panic disorder

A

prone to frequent panic attacks

usually comes with agoraphobia

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7
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in places you can’t escape

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8
Q

phobias

A

irrational fear that disrupts life

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9
Q

causes of anxiety disorders

A

psychodynamic: repressed thoughts manifest in anxiety

behaviorist: fear conditioning leads to anxiety

biological: natural selection favored those with certain phobias (heights)

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10
Q

anxiety disorders

A

most common in USA, persistent worry and fear

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11
Q

somatoform disorders

A

psych disorders with no physical cause

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12
Q

conversion disorder

A

loss of feeling or usage in body part, no physiological cause

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13
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

interpret normal symptoms as major diseases

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14
Q

dissociative disorders

A

involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity

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15
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

person fractures into several distinct personalities who have no awareness of each other

usually caused by childhood abuse

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16
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

following a traumatic event, a person leaves, taking on a whole new personality with no memory of the previous one

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17
Q

schizophrenia

A

interpret reality abnormally

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18
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking

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19
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

flat effect (inability to show emotions) and impaired decision making

20
Q

causes of schizophrenia

A

brain abnormalities, genetics, excessive dopamine, diathesis: person predisposed to disease, has to be triggered by environmental triggers

21
Q

major depressive disorder

A

extreme sadness and despair

22
Q

bipolar disorder

A

bouts of severe depression and manic episodes

23
Q

mania

A

heightened mood, characterized by risky behaviors, fast talking, etc.

24
Q

causes of depression and bipolar disorder

A

biology (low levels of seratonin and norepinephrine) and cognitive

25
Q

personality disorders

A

disruptive, inflexible, enduring behavior patters, very hard to treat

26
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

disregard to other people

27
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

unstable interpersonal relationships and self image

28
Q

histrionic

A

excessive emotionality and attention seeking

29
Q

narcissistic

A

need for admiration and lack of empathy

30
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

overwhelmed with obsessions and compulsions

31
Q

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

develops following a traumatic events, leads to flashbacks and problems with concentration

32
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

impairment in social relationships, communication, and activities

33
Q

psychodynamic approach to treatment

A

looking at unconscious processes as they are manifested in client’s behavior

34
Q

client therapy

A

humanistic approach

active listening, accepting environment, patient growth

35
Q

rational-emotional therapy

A

cognitive approach

analyzing self defeating behaviors to change thought patterns, then change behaviors associated with thoughts

best for anxiety

36
Q

cognitive therapy

A

cognitive approach

challenge illogical thoughts

best for depression

37
Q

classical conditioning

A

behavioral approach

counterconditioning: break habits

aversive conditioning: assosciate bad experience with unwanted behavior to break habits (throwing up with alcohol)

exposure therapy: slowly expose people to whatever makes them anxious

best for anxiety and phobias

38
Q

systematic desensitization

A

associate a pleasant state with an anxiety triggering stimuli to gradually desensitize it

39
Q

intensive exposure therapy

A

force someone to experience fear

40
Q

operant conditioning

A

use of rewards for behavior modification

41
Q

biological/biomedical therapies

A

use of drugs/medical procedures to fix issues

42
Q

anti-psychotics

A

decrease dopamine to treat schizophrenia

side effects: hand tremors, worsening of negative symptoms

43
Q

mood stabalizers

A

treat bipolar disorder with lithium

44
Q

anti-anxiety drugs

A

depress central nervous system

45
Q

anti-depressents

A

increase seratonin through reuptake inhibition

side effects: anxiety, drowsiness, suicide in teens

46
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

send electricity to induce minor seizures-rarely used to treat depression

47
Q

pyschosurgery (lobotomy)

A

frontal lobe is surgically destroyed, used to treat depression for violent people

AP PSYCH CRAM! (9 decks)

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