learning Flashcards

1
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

idea by Pavlov that behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

classical conditioning formula

A

US=UR
NS=NR
NS+US=UR
CS=UR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acquisition

A

process of learning the response pairing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extinction

A

previously conditioned response dies out over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

CR comes back suddenly after a period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

generalization

A

associate similar stimuli to the CS (ex: different pitch bells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

discrimination

A

CR only comes from the exact CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Little Albert Experiment

A

experiment done by John Watson

conditioned little boy to be afraid of white rabbits, led to counter conditioning to break CR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

idea by BF Skinner that rewards and punishments drive behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

law of effect

A

by Thorndike
behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened, negative outcomes weaken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

positive reinforcement

A

something is added to reinforce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

negative reinforcement

A

something is taken away to reinforce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

positive punishment

A

something is added to decrease behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

negative punishment

A

something is taken away to decrease behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

primary reinforcers

A

innately satisfying (water, food, survival)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

secondary reinforcers

A

everything else that motivates (money, prizes)

17
Q

token reinforcers

A

secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for other things (ex; game tokens)

18
Q

generalization

A

respond to similar stimulus for reward

19
Q

discrimination

A

need specific stimulus in order to trigger response

20
Q

overjustification effect

A

reinforcing behaviors that are intrinsically motivating, causing you to stop doing them

21
Q

shaping

A

reinforce successive approximations (similiar behaviors to desired behavior) to train behavior

22
Q

continuous reinforcement schedule

A

receive reward for every response

23
Q

fixed ratio schedule

A

reward every x number of responses

24
Q

fixed interval schedule

A

reward every x amount of time passes

25
variable ratio schedule
rewarded after a random number of responses
26
variable interval schedule
rewarded after a random amount of time has passed
27
Social/Observational Learning
theory by Albert Bandura that behavior is learned and copied
28
modeling behaviors
children model behaviors found in Bobo doll experiment
29
prosocial
helping behaviors
30
antisocial
mean behaviors
31
latent learning
idea by Tolman learning is hidden until useful
32
insight learning
idea by Kohler learning is through simple intuition
33
learned heplessness
idea by Seligman no matter what you do, you never get a positive outcome, so you just give up