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AP PSYCH CRAM! > development > Flashcards

development Flashcards

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1
Q

maturation

A

natural course of development

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2
Q

reflexes

A

innate responses we’re born with

examples: rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, stepping, babinksi

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3
Q

rooting

A

cheek or mouth is touched, baby will move its mouth towards it

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4
Q

babinksi

A

bottom of babies foot is stroked, toes spread

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5
Q

what is developed least in babies

A

vision

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6
Q

vision cliff

A

babies have to learn depth perception so they will cross a “cliff”

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7
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development

A

four major stages of development

sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational

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8
Q

schemas

A

mental structures that an individual uses to organize knowledge and guide cognitive processes

example: when you think of a dog, you think pet, four legs, animal, tail, etc.

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9
Q

assimilation

A

incorporate new info into existing schema

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10
Q

accomodation

A

adjust existing schema to incorporate new info

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11
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth-2 years, focused on exploring world

lack of object permanence and development of sense of self

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12
Q

pre-operational stage

A

2-7 years old, developing language and intuitive reasoning

lack of conservation, lack reversibility of operations, very egocentric

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13
Q

concrete operational stage

A

7-11 years, use operational thinking, classification, and can think logical in concrete context

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14
Q

formal operational stage

A

11-15 years, use abstract and idealistic thoughts, hypothetical and deductive reasoning

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15
Q

problems with Piaget’s theory

A

stages too discrete, development differs between kids

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16
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory

A

cognitive development is a social process too, and people need social interaction

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17
Q

temperament

A

patterns of emotional reactions in babies (precursor to personality)

18
Q

imprinting

A

event where animals develop a deep relationship with the first thing they see after they are born (ex: birds)

19
Q

Harry Harlow Monkey Experiment

A

discovered through an experiment with monkeys that contact comfort is more important than food

20
Q

Baumrind’s Ideas

A

parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative

21
Q

authoritarian

A

rules and obedience, very strict

22
Q

permissive

A

no rules at all

23
Q

authoritative

A

rules, but lenient and justified (best way to raise a kid)

24
Q

Mary Ainsworth Experiment

A

experiment to determine attachment: would have kids and moms in room, mother would leave, observe reaction

25
Q

strange situation paradigm

A

determines relationship between parent and child

26
Q

secure attachment

A

upset when mom leaves, easily calmed when returned

27
Q

avoidant attachment

A

actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves

28
Q

ambivalent attachment

A

actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves

29
Q

disorganized attachment

A

confused, dazed, fearful

30
Q

Kohlberg’s Moral Development

A

said that people go through three stages of moral development: preconventional, conventional, postconventional

31
Q

preconvetional morality

A

children: follow rules, avoid punishment

32
Q

conventional morality

A

adolescents: follow rules because they exist to keep order

33
Q

postconventional morality

A

adults: they do what they believe is right

34
Q

Erikson’s Socioemotional Development

A

8 stages of development, each represent a crisis one must resolve

35
Q

puberty

A

rapid skeletal and sexual maturation

36
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

necessary structures for reproduction (ovaries, vagina, penis, testicles)

37
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

nonreproductive characteristics (body hair, hips, boobs, deepening voice)

38
Q

social learning theories

A

we learn gender roles and identities from those around us

39
Q

cellular clock theory

A

cells have a maximum number of divisions before they can’t divide anymore

40
Q

cross sectional studies

A

studies of people of different ages at the same point in time

41
Q

longitudinal studies

A

studies the same people over time

AP PSYCH CRAM! (9 decks)

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