social Flashcards
what are some types of attribution?
dispositional and situational
dispositional attribution
based on people’s internal characteristics (abilities, traits, moods, or efforts)
situational attribution
based on external factors (weather, bad luck, or other peoples actions)
what are so bias in attribution?
fundamental attribution & actor/observer
fundamental attribution error
tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situations when attempting to explain other people’s behavior
actor/observer
tendency to focus on situations rather than personality traits when interpreting our own behavior
stereotype
mental shortcuts that allows for easy and fast processing of social information
self-fulfilling prophecy
tendency to behave in ways that confirm their own or other people’s expectations
stereotype threat
to worry or fear about confirming negative stereotypes related to a person’s own group
prejudice
negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype about people in a particular group
discrimination
inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people base on the group they belong to
mere exposure effect
increase in liking due to repeated exposure
explicit attitude
an attitude that you are consciously aware of and can report to other people
implicit attitude
attitudes that influence your feelings and behaviors at an unconscious level, and often revealed through behavior
cognitive dissonance
uncomfortable mental state due to a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior
insufficient justification effect
people are more likely to engage in a behavior that contradicts the beliefs they hold personally when offered a smaller reward, in comparison to a larger award
social facilitation
an effect that occurs when the mere presence of others improves performance
social loafing
occurs when people tend to work less hard in group than alone
deindividuation
state of reduce individuality, self-awareness, and attention to personal standards
risky-shift effect
groups forger make riskier decisions than individuals do
group polarization
whether the group accepts more risk or is more cautious depends on the initial attitudes of the group members
conformity
the act of altering your own behavior and opinions to match those of other people or to match other peoples expectations
normative influence
leads to conformity when - to be liked, accepted, or to avoid looking foolish - you go along with what the group does
informational influence
leads to conformity when you assume that the behavior or a group provides information about the right way to act
