memory

Question 1

what are the three phases of memory?

Answer 1

encoding, storage, and retrieval

Question 2

encoding

Answer 2

the processing of information into a neural code that can be stored in the brain

Question 3

storage

Answer 3

the retention of information of the brain over time

Question 4

retrieval

Answer 4

the act of accessing stored information when needed

Question 5

what are the the three types of memory storage?

Answer 5

sensory, short-term, long-term

Question 6

short-term memory

Answer 6

memory store that briefly holds a limited amount of information (auditory, visual, and semantic) for 20 seconds

Question 7

long-term memory

Answer 7

stores information for access (semantic, visual, auditory) for unlimited time

Question 8

what are two types of rehearsal ?

Answer 8

maintenance & elaborative

Question 9

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 9

using working memory process to repeat information based on how it sounds

Question 10

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 10

using working memory processes to think about how new information relates to yourself or your prior knowledge

Question 11

primacy effect

Answer 11

refers to the better memory people have for items presented at the beginning of the list (reflects long-term storage)

Question 12

recency effect

Answer 12

refers to the better memory people have for the most recent items (short-term storage)

Question 13

retrograde amnesia

Answer 13

a conditioned in which people lose the ability to access memories they had before a brain injury

Question 14

anterograde amnesia

Answer 14

people lose the ability to form new memories after experiencing a brain injury

Question 15

what are the two types of long-term storage memories?

Answer 15

explicit memory & implicit memory

Question 16

explicit memory

Answer 16

requires conscious effort and if then can be verbally described

Question 17

what are two types of explicit memories?

Answer 17

episodic memory & semantic memory

Question 18

episodic memory

Answer 18

personally experienced events

Question 19

semantic memory

Answer 19

facts and knowledge

Question 20

what are two types of implicit memory?

Answer 20

classical conditioning & procedural memory

Question 21

procedural memory

Answer 21

motor skills and habits

Question 22

what are the three type of ways that humans forget?

Answer 22

interference, blocking, and absentmindedness

Question 23

what are the two types of interference?

Answer 23

retroactive & proactive

Question 24

retroactive interference

Answer 24

access to older memories is impaired by newer memories

Question 25

proactive interference

Answer 25

access to newer memories is impaired by older memories

Question 26

blocking

Answer 26

occurs when we are temporarily unable to remember something

Question 27

absentmindedness

Answer 27

the inattentive or shallow encoding of events

Question 28

what are the five ways that memories in long-term storage can become distorted?

Answer 28

memory bias, flashbulb memories, misattribution, suggestibility, false memories

Question 29

memory bias

Answer 29

challenging your memories over time so that they become consistent with your current beliefs or attitudes

Question 30

flashbulb memories

Answer 30

inaccurate detailed and vivid memories about the circumstances in which we heard about surprising and emotionally arousing events

Question 31

misattribution

Answer 31

misremembering the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory

Question 32

source amnesia

Answer 32

form of attribution
when someone has a memory of an event but cannot remember where they encountered the information

Question 33

cryptoamnesia

Answer 33

form of attribution
coming up with a new idea, but really they retrieved an old idea from memory and failed to attribute the idea to its paper source

Question 34

suggestibility

Answer 34

an individuals tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources (people, pictures, media) into personal memories

Question 35

false memories

Answer 35

an individual recalls an event that never happens, or can actual occurrence substantially differently from the way it transpired