nervous system

Question 1

what is the nervous system?

Answer 1

network of cells in the brain and body that are responsible for all aspects of what people think, feel, and do

Question 2

what are the the three functions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

1. receives sensory input through the 5 senses
2. processes the information in the brain by paying attention, perceiving, and remembering it
3. responds to the information by acting on it

Question 3

what are the two divisions of the brain?

Answer 3

central nervous system & peripheral nervous system

Question 4

what is the central nervous system?

Answer 4

consist of nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord

Question 5

what is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

consists of the nerve cells outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

how does a neuron communicate?

Answer 6

via a combination of electrical and chemical signals

Question 7

what are the structures of a neuron?

Answer 7

dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal buttons

Question 8

dendrites

Answer 8

branch-like extensions of the cell body with receptors that receive signals from other neurons

Question 9

cell body

Answer 9

collects and combines the information received from the neurons

Question 10

axon

Answer 10

long outgrowth from cell body that lets a neuron transmit information to other neurons

Question 11

terminal buttons

Answer 11

parts of the neuron at the end of axons that releases chemical signals from one neuron to the synapse

Question 12

synapse

Answer 12

gap between the terminal buttons of a sending neuron and the dendrites of a receiving neuron

Question 13

what is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 13

chemicals that carry signals from one neuron to another

Question 14

what are the three phases of neural communication?

Answer 14

transmission phase, reception phase, and integration phase

Question 15

what is the transmission phase?

Answer 15

electrical signals created in the cell body that travel along the axon and neurotransmitters are released from the terminal buttons into the synapse

Question 16

what is the reception phase?

Answer 16

neurotransmitters cross the synapse and fit into receptors in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron

Question 17

what is the integration phase?

Answer 17

when each neurotransmitter has either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the postsynaptic neuron. the sum of the effects either cause another action potential or not

Question 18

what is the resting state?

Answer 18

when the electrical charge inside the neuron is more negative than the charge outside

Question 19

what is the refractory period?

Answer 19

when the neuron returns to its resting state

*less responsive to incoming stimulation and less likely to fire an action potential

Question 20

what is an action impulse?

Answer 20

neural impulse that travels along the axon and then caused the release of neurotransmitter into the synapse

Question 21

presynaptic neuron

Answer 21

neuron that receives the signals

Question 22

postsynaptic neuron

Answer 22

neuron that receives the signal

Question 23

to prevent constant stimulation, how are neurotransmitters removed?

Answer 23

through reuptake & enzyme degradation

Question 24

what is reuptake?

Answer 24

neurotransmitter are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron

Question 25

what is enzyme degradation?

Answer 25

enzymes destroy the nuerotrannsimmter while they are in the synapse

Question 26

what is an exhibitory signal?

Answer 26

signal that excite the neuron and increases the likelihood that it will fire an action potential

Question 27

what is an inhibitory signal?

Answer 27

signal that inhibits the neuron and decreases the likelihood that it will fire and action potential

Question 28

acetylcholine

Answer 28

motor control over muscles, attention, memory, learning, and sleeping

Question 29

norepinephrine

Answer 29

arousal and alertness

Question 30

serotonin

Answer 30

emotional states and impulse control
dreaming

Question 31

dopamine

Answer 31

reward & motivation
motor control over voluntary movements

Question 32

GABA

Answer 32

inhibition of action potentials
anxiety reduction
intoxication

Question 33

glutamate

Answer 33

enhancement of action potentials

Question 34

endorphins

Answer 34

pain reduction
reward

Question 35

what are agonists?

Answer 35

drugs that enhance the action of transmitters

Question 36

what are antagonists?

Answer 36

drugs that inhibit the actions of transmitters