learning

Question 1

what are the three types of learning?

Answer 1

non-associative, associative, and watching others

Question 2

what are the two types of associative learning?

Answer 2

classical conditioning & operant conditioning

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning that a stimulus predicts another stimulus

Question 4

operant conditioning

Answer 4

learning that a behavior leads to a certain outcome

Question 5

what are two types of non-associative learning?

Answer 5

habituation & sensitization

Question 6

habituation

Answer 6

when our behavioral response to a stimulus decreases

Question 7

sensitization

Answer 7

an increase in behavioral response after repeated/lengthy exposure to a stimulus

Question 8

what are the three types of watching others learning

Answer 8

observation learning, modeling, vicarious conditioning

Question 9

observational learning

Answer 9

learning or changing a behavior after watching a person engage in that behavior

Question 10

modeling

Answer 10

displaying a behavior that imitates a previously observed behavior

Question 11

vicarious conditioning

Answer 11

learning to engage in a behavior or not, after seeing others being rewarded or punished for performing that action

Question 12

conditioned stimulus

Answer 12

a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place

Question 13

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 13

a stimulus that elicits an innate response and does not require any prior learning

Question 14

conditioned response

Answer 14

a response to a conditioned stimulus; response that has been learned

Question 15

unconditioned response

Answer 15

a response that does not have to be learned; such as reflexes

Question 16

extinction

Answer 16

a process in which the conditioned response is weakened when the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the arrival of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

spontaneous recovery

Answer 17

a process in which a previously extinguished response re-emerges after the conditioned stimulus is presented again

Question 18

stimulus generalization

Answer 18

when stimuli that are similar, not identical, to the conditioned stimulus produce the conditioned response

Question 19

stimulus discrimination

Answer 19

learning that differentiates between two similar stimuli when only one of them is consistently associated with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 20

shaping

Answer 20

technique consists of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior

Question 21

what does reinforcements do?

Answer 21

increase the likelihood of a certain behavior in the future

Question 22

positive reinforcement

Answer 22

the addition of a stimulus to increase the probability that a behavior will be repeated

Question 23

negative reinforcement

Answer 23

the removal of a stimulus to increase the probability that a behavior will be repeated

Question 24

what does punishment do?

Answer 24

reduces the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated

Question 25

positive punishment

Answer 25

the addition of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur

Question 26

negative punishment

Answer 26

the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur

Question 27

what is the hindsight bias?

Answer 27

knew-it-all-along phenomenon tendency to look back at an event that we could not predict at the time and think the outcomes was easily predictable

Question 28

confirmation bias

Answer 28

tendency to favor and recall information that supports your belief and disregarding info that does support