SOC200 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Agreement Reality

A

known through culture

we accept reality that people believe is true, true in our culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Experiential Reality

A

known through personal experience + discovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agreement: Ways of knowing

A

Tradition
Authority
•Inherited knowledge
•Experts, leaders, parents – dangerous when outside of expertise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Experiential: Ways of knowing

A

Personal Inquiry & Experience
•Both necessary, one not truer than other
•Can’t experience everything, easier to accept some things are true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OVERGENERALIZATION

A

assuming few similar events evidence of a pattern
•Researchers say it’s a gateway drug
•But assuming all marijuana consumers will move onto harder drugs + criminal life is overgeneralization
•Replication: repeating experiment to see if you get the same results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SELECTIVE OBSERVATION

A

focus on events/situations that agree with pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

INACCURATE OBSERVATIONS

A

aren’t engaged in consciously, methodically/with proper tools can be misrepresented
•Asking parents if kid smoke pot + not kid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ILLOGICAL REASONING

A

no basis in logic
•Gateway theory seems logical
•It doesn’t make sense if they go from hard drugs to softer drugs
•Gamblers fallacy: assume that a consistent run of good luck or bad luck foreshadows it’s opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING MUST

A

Make sense (be logical)

Correspond to what we observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ASPECTS OF SOCIAL “SCIENCE”: Social Theory

A

Reasoning about the workings of the social world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ASPECTS OF SOCIAL “SCIENCE”: Data Collection (observation)

A

-in methodical + systemic way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ASPECTS OF SOCIAL “SCIENCE”: Data Analysis

Do the observations correspond to the theory? (or vice versa)

A

Do the observations correspond to the theory? (or vice versa)
•Bidirectional – can go either way
looks for patterns + observations + compares what is logically expected with what is actually observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

A

Follows a logical method of inquiry and observation
-Driven by theory + logic, not belief/philosophy
-Stresses what “is” NOT what “should be”
•Must substantiate subjective view, would have to be balanced against evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

A

Finds patterns in social life, or patterns in behaviour attributed to social phenomena
•Social regularities
•Why + when ppl act in predictable/nonpredictable manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

A

individual NOT generally the primary focus
•Individual usually source of info, but aggregates focus
Draws on a language of agreed upon concepts +
terms for doing research
why aggregate patterns of behavior are regular even when individuals change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Data

A

the information for your research

17
Q

Quantitative

A

numeric data
•Easier to aggregate, compare, and summarize data
•Statistical analysis
•Lose richness of meaning by converting it into a number

18
Q

Qualitative

A
non-numeric data
•Relies on verbal
•Case studies
•Rich description
•Ambiguous explanation: You don’t know exactly what someone else means by the expression and vice versa
19
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

logical groupings of attributes

age, years of education, IQ score, score on a happiness scale

20
Q

Qualitative Variable

A

old, an educated person intelligent, happy

21
Q

Attributes

A

characteristics of people or things 35, over 65, grey hair
18, a university professor 165, smooth talker
80 out of 100, smiling person

22
Q

Independent + Dependent Variable

A

Independent: presumed to cause/determine a Dependent
Dependent: variable assumed to be caused by another

23
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

General principles developed from specific observations

Specific Observations to General Principle

24
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Specific hypotheses developed from general principles

General Principle to Specific Hypothesis

25
Relationships
* Never a single cause | * Lots of factors can be an independent variable
26
Pure research
knowledge for knowledge’s sake
27
Applied research
Social scientists are committed to seeing their knowledge of society put into action