Soc 9 Flashcards
What are the long-term effects if training on the Aerobic system?
In terms of aerobic exercise, the effects of training will increase the ability to work for long periods of time.
What are the long-term effects if training on the Anaerobic system?
In terms of anaerobic exercise, the effects of training will increase the ability to move in quick
bursts. (Without Oxygen)
What are the long-term effects on the musculo-skeletal system?
• Muscles are more toned and look strong
• Increased strength of ligaments and tendons.
• Increased bone density – helps prevent osteoporosis (weakening of bones).
• Muscle hypertrophy: is a term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells.
• Adaptation: the body adapts to training loads imposed on it by increasing the ability
to cope with those loads.
What are the long term effects on your heart (Cardio-respiratory system)?
Decreased resting heart rate: Your heart gets bigger/ stronger with training, so it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats.
Faster recovery rate: Heart recovery rate is the speed at which your heart returns to RHR after you exercise. The faster your recovery rate, the fitter you are.
Increased resting stroke volume: Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by your heart per beat. When you exercise regularly, your stroke volume increase, both at rest and at work.
Maximum cardiac output: The amount of blood ejected from your heart in one minute. Cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR).
Size and strength of the heart: Training increases the heart muscles in size,
thickness and strength.
What are the long term effects on your blood (cardio-respiratory system)
Capillaries: Improved fitness increases the number of capillaries in your heart muscle and helps your blood vessels more elastic, flexible and efficient.
Increased number of red blood cells: These cells carry oxygen to the muscles, so having higher red blood cell count can improve their performance.
Drop in resting blood pressure: regular exercise reduces blood pressure due to the muscular wall of veins and artieries becoming more elastic.
What are the long term effects on the respiratory system?
Increased lung capacity/ volume and vital capacity
Your lungs will become more efficient, and they will be better at delivering oxygen to your
working muscles, so your body will cope better during exercise.
Increased number of alveoli
More alveoli will become available for gaseous, exchange after regular exercise, so more
oxygen can be absorbed by the capillaries and more carbon dioxide taken from them.
Increased strength of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
Exercise increases the strength of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles – the
muscles that work to increase airflow during physical activity.
What are aerobic exercises?
Aerobic exercise - working at a moderate intensity level with oxygen.
What are anaerobic exercises?
Anaerobic exercise - working at a high intensity level without oxygen.
