SOC 10 - Injuries And Preventions Flashcards
How do people get injured (2 causes)
Internal causes - Overuse injuries, sudden injuries - caused by the individual performing the activity.
External causes - Foul play, impact with equipment, the playing surface or opponents, inappropriate clothing and damage or faulty equipment, very hot and cold weather. Caused by factors outside the individual’s control.
What are soft tissue injuries
(Joint injuries) Joints are where two or more bones meet. They are normally injured when put out of regular movement. They can be a tear or overstretched tendons, ligaments, muscles and cartilage
What is a sprain?
A sprain is a damaged ligament. One of the most common sprains in sport is a twisted or overstretched ankle.
When can sprains occur?
Sprains often occur when stretching too far past the normal range of a joint, but can also be caused by falling or colliding with an opponent.
What is a strain?
A strain is a twist, tear or overstretched muscle/tendon.
Example’s of a strain?
Most common strains are in the back and the hamstrings.
Two examples of strains are golfers elbow and tennis elbow.
Tendons are inflamed due to overuse, causing pain on the outside of the elbow.
What is torn cartilage?
Damaged elastic substance which lines adjoining bones
How is your cartilage often torn?
Often due to wear and tear from long-term overuse
What is a fracture?
Broken or cracked bone
How do fractures often occur?
Occurs from a blow, severe twisting or wrenching of a joint
What is dislocation?
A dislocation is when a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position
How do dislocations occur?
Hard blows which causes one of the bones to be displaced
What is a concussion?
Symptoms include: headaches, loss of coordination, confusion or slurred speech
How can a concussion occur?
Normally caused by a blow to the head
What is abrasion?
Friction of the skin against a rough surface
How can an abrasion occur?
Can happen from a fall or as a result of tackle
What does RICE stand for
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
How can soft tissue injuries occur?
Frequent repetitive exercises can
often result in injury to joints
What are the 5 ways to prevent injury?
• Apply the principles of training
• Warming up/ cooling down
• Checking equipment and facilities
• Protective equipment and clothing
• Playing to the rules of the game
What is cartilage?
Cartilage is a firm elastic substance which lines adjoining bones. It absorbs the impact on the bones while reducing the friction during sports/ activity.
What are the 4 types of fractures?
Stress Fractures
Compound fractures
In Closed
Simple Fractures
What is a stress fracture?
(overuse injuries): They can happen as a result of fatigue.
What are compound fractures?
the broken bone protrudes through the skin.
What is an in closed fracture?
the skin over the break is not damaged.
What is a simple fracture?
takes place with no displacement of the bone.
What is a greenstick bone break?
Break only part way accross the bone
What is a transverse bone break?
Break straight accross
What is an impacted bone break?
Pieces locked into each other
What is a comminuted bone break?
Broken into more than two pieces
What is an oblique bone break?
Break at an angle
How can you use the correct principles of training to prevent injury?
Ability and fitness levels will vary greatly in sport. Therefore, it is important to group performers of similar ability to ensure balanced competition. You will also need to apply the correct principles of training to avoid overuse injuries.
How can playing to the rules and competition prevent injury?
Rules help to ensure player safety. If rules are broken, participants are punished. Offences can
include; ‘professional fouls’, over aggression
which can threaten a player’s career.
How can protective equipment/clothing prevent injury?
Many activities require protective equipment or specific clothing. This will vary depending on the sport and position. It is also important to not wear clothing that might injure an opponent (jewellery etc).
How can checking equipment and facilities help to prevent injury?
Organisers should check that the facilities are safe and secure, and that any equipment is in good condition
How can warming up/cooling down help to prevent injury?
Warm up: Perform a light aerobic activity to increase blood flow to working muscles and stretch those muscles to avoid injury.
Cool-down: Gradually reduce the level of activity to help with the dispersal of lactic acid and avoid muscle stiffness.
What are overuse injuries?
Overuse injuries are injuries caused by yourself usualky due to overtraining, from repetedly using the same parts of the body, causing sports-related microtraumas such as tiny tears in muscle fibres or the bruising of a bone.
What are acute injuries?
Are injuries caused by the opponent, happening suddenly, such as when a person falls, receives a blow or twists a joint
