Smoking Flashcards
Generally what is the trend between social deprivation and smoking rates?
generally, the poorest social classes smoke the most and the most affluent smoke the least
What are the positives and negatives associated with E-cigarettes?
positives
- could aid in smoking cessation, harm reduction?
- estimated to be 95% safer?- absent carcinogens
negatives
- gateway drug to normalise smoking?
- unclear side-effects with long term use
- variability in nicotine content, other chemicals, manufacturing quality
is the waterpipe safer than smoking cigarettes?
no. God no.
Water pipes have
- 36 times the tar
- 1.7 times the nicotine
- 8.4 times the CO than cigarettes as well as
- carcinogenic heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and aldehydes
what are the health effects of quitting smoking within 2 days?
- 20 minutes after - blood pressure and heart rate return to normal
- 3 hours - oxygen levels in blood returns to normal
- 24 hours - carbon monoxide eliminated, lungs start to clear mucus,
- 48 hours - sense of taste and smell improve
how long does it take after smoking cessation to return your risk of heart attack to that equal to never-smokers?
it takes 10 years
On average how many years of life have you lost by smoking less than 5 years?
- 5-9 years?
- 10- 19 years?
- 20 + years?
- smoking less than 5 years= -0.82 years lost
- 5-9 years = -1.32 years lost
- 10-19 years = -1.96 years lost
- 20+ years= -3.94 years lost
*smokers double their risk of cardiovascular disease *
how many smokers will be killed by smoking?
half of all smokers will be killed by smoking
those who stop smoking before 35 years of age avoid almost all of the excess risk
how many months of life are lost on average for each year of continued smoking after 35?
on average 3 months of life lost per year of continued smoking
Why to people start to smoke?
modelling =children are highly influenced by their parents who smoke - they are far more likely to smoke than children with non-smoking parents
social pressure/social learning/reinforcement - if friends smoke, a child can develop positive attitudes towards the habit
weight control - identified as a motive for smoking initiation and maintenance among young girls
risk taking/problem behaviours - smoking is often associated with other problem behaviours in adholescence such as truancy, petty theft, underage drinking etc.
health cognitions- unrealistic optimism regarding the potential of experiencing the negative health outcomes
What is the probability of dependence of tabacco after ‘just trying once’ ?
32% will experience dependence after trying just once
what percentage of smokers start before 18?
78% of smokers start before they are legal adults
Why was the tabacco industry so sucessful at marketing in the first place?
They tapped into the the deep social needs of the adolescents
- want to fit in
- want to exert independence from parental control
- want to demonstrate physical agility/sexual allure
Why do people continue to smoke?
physical dependence on nicotine
- nicotine stimulates the release of natural opiates, beta endorphins, and causes an increased metabolic rate
- physical depdenence arises whn an individual develops tolerance to the effects of nicotine and smokes more to achieve the same effect or avoid withdrawl
what are the effects of nicotine withdrawal?
- lightheadedness- for less than 48 hours
- sleep disturbance - for less than one week
- poor concentration - for less than 2 weeks
- cravings for nicotine - for less than 2 weeks
- irritability or aggression - for less than 4 weeks
- depression - for less than 4 weeks
- restlessness- for less than 4 weeks
- increased appetite - for less than 10 weeks
what are the top reasons people quit cigarretes?
27.7% quit b/c of illness
24% quit b/c of knowledge of the effects
