predicting and measuring health behaviours Flashcards

1
Q

What is health behaviour?

A

behaviour performed by an individual, regardless of his/her percieved health status, with the purpose of protecting, promoting, or maintaining his/her health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Health belief model?

A

this theory focuses on the percieved threat of the situation

so the liklihood that someone will take some preventitive action, depends on

  • the percieved threat of a specific illness
  • outcome expectation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the ‘set of beliefs’ that outline a patient’s percieved threat of an illness according to the health belief model?

A
  • susceptibility to illness : like family history
  • severity of illness : ‘my father couldn’t walk or speak after his stroke’
  • benefits of health behaviours: ‘if I lose weight and exercise maybe I can reduce risk of stroke’
  • cost of health behaviour: ‘ I hate dieting and exercise, and gyms are expensive’
  • cues to action: ‘my mother has just been diagnosed with diabetes’
  • health motivation: ‘I really need to do something to avoid getting a stroke when I’m older’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how can we use the health behaviour model in the clinic to help patients make healthy decisions?

A
  • cue to action: “has anythign made you think about giving up smoking”?
  • motivation: “how concerned are you about your health?”
  • susceptibility and severity: “how do you think smoking is affecting your health?”
  • percieved benefit/barrier: “what are the pros and cons of smoking for you?”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the health behaviour model theory?

A

Strengths

  • common sense constructs easy for non-psychologists to assimilate and apply
  • has focused reasearch attention on modifiable predictors of behaviour
  • makes testable predictions: large threats might be offset by large benefits etc.

limitations

  • assumes people are rational
  • neglects social factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wht is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

the immediate determinants of behaviour are the person’s intention to engage in that behaviour and the person’s perceptions of control over that behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can we use the theory of planned behaviour in clinic?

A
  • teaching: explain health and economic value of quitting smoking to change attitude
  • encouraging practice of preparatory behaviours: stop buying cigaretts, start saving the money to increase behavioural intention
  • encouring belief in person’s own abilities: praise plans to quit smoking, reassure any doubts, to increase percieved behavioural control
  • modeling behaviour: get a friend to quit smoking with you - encourages the subjective norm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the thory of planned behaviour model?

A

Strengths

  • identifies a number of cognitive variables which determine health behaviours (attitude, intention)
  • highlights the importance of social factors driving behavioural intentions

weaknesses

  • assumes patients are rational
  • ignores the behaviour/intention gap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the ‘stages of change’/’transtheoretical model’ of health behaviour

A

this theory is based on the concept that our beliefs change over time, it identifies 5 stages of change which an individual goes through when moving toward a change in behaviour

  1. precontemplation
  2. contemplation
  3. preparation
  4. action
  5. maintenance

*you can relapse and return to any stage, but you learn continuously from relapses*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can we use the transtheoretical model of behaviour clinically to help a person quit a bad health habit?

A

we can treat the patient at whatever stage of change they may be at

  • precontemplation- validate lack of readiness, clarify that the decision is theirs, encourage exploration not action, explain and personalise the risk
  • contemplation - validate lack of readiness, encourage pro/cons list, identify and promote new, positive outcome expectations
  • preparation - identify and assist in problem solving, help identify social support, verify underlying skills for behaviour change, encourage small initial steps, set a date
  • action - focus on restructuring cues and social support, bolster self efficacy for dealing with obstacles, combat feelings of loss and reiterate the long term benefits
  • maintenance - plan for follow-up support, reinforce internal rewards, discuss coping with relapse
  • relapse - evaluate the trigger, focus on the success, encourage to re-engage efforts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of the transtheoretical model of health behaviours?

A

strengths

  • facilitates design/taliloring of interventions to match an individual’s stage of change
  • recognises the difficulties inherent in behaviour change and allows person to fail

weaknesses

  • again assumes rational thinking
  • does not address social context of behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the ‘behaviour change wheel” model of health

A

this model identifies behaviour as an interacting system invovling the components of capability (physical or psychological) , opportunity (physical or social acceptance) , and motivation (conscious planning, or emotions/impulses that arise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can we use the behaviour change wheel theory in the clinic?

A
  1. maximise capability of regulating own behaviour
  2. maximise opportunity to support self-regulation
  3. increase motivation to engage in desired behaviour - reward change and develop appropriate beliefts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the behaviour change wheel theory?

A

strengths

  • comprehensive approach
  • prompts consideration of the full range of options
  • provides a basis for analysing behaviour in context to select an appropriate mix of options
  • takes account of environmental as well as intra-individual changes that may be needed

limitations

  • limited research in this at the present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the main components of the health belief model and give an example of how it could be used to change a specific health behaviour

A

… percieved …

susceptibility

severity

benefits

barriers

cues to action

health motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe how you might design an intervention to quit smoking based on the transtheoretical model

A

… assess the patient’s stage of change

precontemplation- validate lack of readiness

contemplation - validate lack of readiness and promote new positive outcome expectations

preparation - identify and help problem solve obstacles

action - focus on restructuring cues and social support

maintenance - plan for follow up support- discuss coping with relapse

relapse - evaluate trigger and focus on success

17
Q

how can we use the theory of planned behaviour to help a patient quit smoking?

A

teaching - to change ‘attitude’

encouraging practice of preparation - increase ‘behavioural intention’

encourage belief in own’s own personal ability - increase ‘percieved behavioural control’

model behaviour - get a freind to quit smoking with you - subjective norm