Smallies Ectoparasite Control Flashcards
Which types of drugs are effective against the 2 classes of arthropoda?
- insecta = insecaticides
- arachnida = aracicides
What phylum do ectoparasites belong in and which classes can this be subdivided into?
- arthropoda
> insecta (diptera flies, siphonaptera fleas, phthiraptera lice)
> arachnida (acarina: ticks and mites)
What is the most common flea to affect dogs and cats in the UK?
- c. felis
What are the 3 objectives of FAD control? EXAM QUESTION
- kill fleas in the coat
- protect against re-infestation
- eliminate environmental reservoir (95% fleas are in the environment) to prevent subsequent generations
What are the 2 main targets in flea control?
> adult fleas in hair
- adulticide (preferably before they have a chance to lay eggs)
immature stages in carpet/refuge
- killed on emergence or cannot procreate due to adulticide effects
- IGR/IDI usage
- vacuum!!
Which insecticides have activity against fleas?
> traditional - organophosphates - organochlorines - carbamates - pyrethroids > newer - imidacloprid/nitenpyram/dinotefuran - fipronil/pyriprole - selamectin - spinosad > v. new - indoxacarb (Activyl) - indox+permethrin (activyl tick +) - fipronil/methoprene/amitraz (certifect) - spinosad (comfortis) - fluralaner (bravecto) - alfoxolaner (NexGard)
Why are newer flea tx better than traditional for the most part?
- efficacy
- ease of use
- persistnece
- safety
- different mechanisms of action prevents resistnace forming
What is capstar?
- Nitempyram
- v. quick kill
- no persistance
- cats and dogs
- fleas only
- used on entry to kennels etc.
What is Comfortis? Contraindcations?
- Spinosad
- Tetracyclic macrolide (targets nACH R)
- dog and cat
- label claim for fleas only
- rapid kill
- persistnace ~1 month
- oral administration
- some V+ seen as side effect (more in cats)
- DO NOT GIVE WITH IVERMECTIN !!!
What is Trifexis?
Comfortis + milbemycin
What is Certifect?
- fipronil + methoprene + amitraz
- Dog only, not cat or rabbit
- spot on monthly
- label claims for fleas, ticks, Trichodectes Canis.
What is Activyl?
Indoxacarb
- Na channel blocker
- bio-activation inside flea
- spoton monthly
- quick kill
- label claim for fleas only
What is Activyl Tick +?
Indoxacarb + Permethrin
- DOG ONLY (Cats permethrin toxicity)
- bio-activation
- spot on monthly
- label claim for fleas and ticks (Ixodes, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, Amblyomma)
What long acting product is Activyl commonly combined with?
Scalibor collar
- Deltamethrin-impregnated collar
- Dog only
- 6 months activity
- Sandflies, mosquitos, ticks
- safe combinatio
How does Activyl efficacy compare to Frontline combo?
Activyl much more efficacious
Which products have insecticide resistance associated with them?
- fipronil (german cockroaches, Anopheles mosquitos, houseflies)
- imidacloprid (Colorado potato beetles, aphids, whitefly)
What is IGR/IDI and what delivery routes are available?
> IGr= Insect growth regulator > IDI = Insect development inhibitor - lufenuron: orally dogs, +injectable in cats - cyromazine: house spray - pyriproxifen: animal and house spray - methoprene: animal and household spray
How do IGRs work?
- disrupt development
> juvenile hormone analogues affect immature insects eg. methoprene, pyriproxifen
> IDIs inhibit chitin synthesis eg. lufenuron
Which oral products affect fleas only?
> Nitenpyram (Capstar) - dog or cat - NO persistence > Spinosad (Comfortis) - dog or cat - rapid kill PLUS 3-4 week persistence
Which oral products affect fleas and ticks?
> Afoxolaner (NexGard) - dog only - 5 weeks fleas - 4 weeks ticks > Fluralaner (Bravecto) - dog only - 12 week fleas - 1-12 week ticks
Which spray product is available for flea control? What other parasites does this treat?
Fibpronil (Frontline, Effipro)
- dog and cat
- 4 week activity
- label (8, 12 week)
- lice and ticks too
- BUT not fast enough to prevent flea attachment
- Spot on more commonly used*
Which spot-on products are available for flea control?
> Indoxacarb (Activyl) - dog and cat - activated by flea enzymes > Imidacloprid (Advantage) - dog, cat and rabbit - efficacy reduced by wetting
Which spot-on products are available for fleas and ticks?
> Fipronil (Frontline, Effipro) - dog and cat - > 4 week activity - but egg laying seen at week 4 - lice and ticks treated too > Fipronil + Methoprene (Frontline Combo) - dog and cat - extended ovicidal activity - POM-V > Pyripole (Practic) - dog only - ticks only > Imidacloprid/Permethrin (Advantix) - NOT CAT! - dog only > Dinotefuran/Permethrin/Pyriproxyfen (Vectra 3D) - NOT CAT! - dog only
Which product similar to permethrin is ok for use in cats?
Flumethrin
Which spot-on endectocides are available and what are they effeectvie against?
> Selamectin (Stronghold, Revolution) - dog an dcat - systemic - good for fox mange areas (SE England) > Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate) - dog and cat - systemic or topical - imidacloprid insecticide, moxidectin = milbemycin for roundworms, lungworms and sarcoptes
Which acaricidal products can be used for sarcoptes?
> Selamectin (Stronghold, Revolution) - x2, q28d min > Imidacloprid/moxidectin (Advocate) - x2, q28d min > Amitraz (Aludex) washes - weekly 2-6tx - 1/2 dose used for demidex
What is the aim of tx of sarcoptes?
- CURE! Eradicate all mites.
- Zoonotic
What is the golden rule regarding suspected Sarcoptic mange?
Always treat suspected cases as zoonotic
What is usually the 1st line tx for ectoparasites?
Treat the treatable - scabies - FAD - pyoderma - Malasezzia dermatitis > rule these out first!
Which acaricidal products can be used for demidecosis?
> Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate) - q7d (poor efficacy) > Amitraz (Aludex) washes - weekly 8-16 treatements > Non-LIC oral tx - Ivermectin (NOT COLLIES: toxic), Milbemycin
Where do demodex live?
On hair shafts
What is certifect?
Frontline Combo + Amitraz
- dog only
- pemphigus potential side effect
Which acaricidal products are available for ticks?
> Fipronil (spray or spoton) - cat and dogs > Fipronil + Amitraz - DOGS only > Amitrz or detamethrin collars - DOGS only > Imidacloprid/permethrin spoton - DOGS only > Indoxacarb/permethrin spoton - DOGS only > Dinotefuran/permethrin spoton - DOGS only > ALfoxalaner, fluralaner - DOGS only
What new tick product is available?
Serest collar - Imidacloprid and flumethrin - Cat: fleas and ticks 7-8mo - Dog: Fleas, biting lice, ticks 7-8mo - flea activity v with wetting (~5 mo) > slow onset as needs to diffuse into animals
What level of efficacy is required for licensing a product in UK?
95% (lower in US and Australia)
