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Dermatology > Smallies Ectoparasite Control > Flashcards

Smallies Ectoparasite Control Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
0
Q

Which types of drugs are effective against the 2 classes of arthropoda?

A
  • insecta = insecaticides

- arachnida = aracicides

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1
Q

What phylum do ectoparasites belong in and which classes can this be subdivided into?

A
  • arthropoda
    > insecta (diptera flies, siphonaptera fleas, phthiraptera lice)
    > arachnida (acarina: ticks and mites)
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2
Q

What is the most common flea to affect dogs and cats in the UK?

A
  • c. felis
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3
Q

What are the 3 objectives of FAD control? EXAM QUESTION

A
  1. kill fleas in the coat
  2. protect against re-infestation
  3. eliminate environmental reservoir (95% fleas are in the environment) to prevent subsequent generations
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4
Q

What are the 2 main targets in flea control?

A

> adult fleas in hair
- adulticide (preferably before they have a chance to lay eggs)
immature stages in carpet/refuge
- killed on emergence or cannot procreate due to adulticide effects
- IGR/IDI usage
- vacuum!!

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5
Q

Which insecticides have activity against fleas?

A 
> traditional
- organophosphates
- organochlorines 
- carbamates
- pyrethroids
> newer 
- imidacloprid/nitenpyram/dinotefuran
- fipronil/pyriprole
- selamectin
- spinosad
> v. new
- indoxacarb (Activyl) 
- indox+permethrin (activyl tick +) 
- fipronil/methoprene/amitraz (certifect) 
- spinosad (comfortis) 
- fluralaner (bravecto)
- alfoxolaner (NexGard)
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6
Q

Why are newer flea tx better than traditional for the most part?

A
  • efficacy
  • ease of use
  • persistnece
  • safety
  • different mechanisms of action prevents resistnace forming
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7
Q

What is capstar?

A
  • Nitempyram
  • v. quick kill
  • no persistance
  • cats and dogs
  • fleas only
  • used on entry to kennels etc.
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8
Q

What is Comfortis? Contraindcations?

A
  • Spinosad
  • Tetracyclic macrolide (targets nACH R)
  • dog and cat
  • label claim for fleas only
  • rapid kill
  • persistnace ~1 month
  • oral administration
  • some V+ seen as side effect (more in cats)
  • DO NOT GIVE WITH IVERMECTIN !!!
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9
Q

What is Trifexis?

A

Comfortis + milbemycin

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10
Q

What is Certifect?

A
  • fipronil + methoprene + amitraz
  • Dog only, not cat or rabbit
  • spot on monthly
  • label claims for fleas, ticks, Trichodectes Canis.
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11
Q

What is Activyl?

A

Indoxacarb

  • Na channel blocker
  • bio-activation inside flea
  • spoton monthly
  • quick kill
  • label claim for fleas only
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12
Q

What is Activyl Tick +?

A

Indoxacarb + Permethrin

  • DOG ONLY (Cats permethrin toxicity)
  • bio-activation
  • spot on monthly
  • label claim for fleas and ticks (Ixodes, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, Amblyomma)
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14
Q

What long acting product is Activyl commonly combined with?

A

Scalibor collar

  • Deltamethrin-impregnated collar
  • Dog only
  • 6 months activity
  • Sandflies, mosquitos, ticks
  • safe combinatio
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15
Q

How does Activyl efficacy compare to Frontline combo?

A

Activyl much more efficacious

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16
Q

Which products have insecticide resistance associated with them?

A
  • fipronil (german cockroaches, Anopheles mosquitos, houseflies)
  • imidacloprid (Colorado potato beetles, aphids, whitefly)
17
Q

What is IGR/IDI and what delivery routes are available?

A 
> IGr= Insect growth regulator
> IDI = Insect development inhibitor
- lufenuron: orally dogs, +injectable in cats
- cyromazine: house spray
- pyriproxifen: animal and house spray
- methoprene: animal and household spray
18
Q

How do IGRs work?

A
  • disrupt development
    > juvenile hormone analogues affect immature insects eg. methoprene, pyriproxifen
    > IDIs inhibit chitin synthesis eg. lufenuron
19
Q

Which oral products affect fleas only?

A 
> Nitenpyram (Capstar)
- dog or cat
- NO persistence 
> Spinosad (Comfortis) 
- dog or cat 
- rapid kill PLUS 3-4 week persistence
20
Q

Which oral products affect fleas and ticks?

A 
> Afoxolaner (NexGard) 
- dog only 
- 5 weeks fleas
- 4 weeks ticks 
> Fluralaner (Bravecto) 
- dog only 
- 12 week fleas
- 1-12 week ticks
21
Q

Which spray product is available for flea control? What other parasites does this treat?

A

Fibpronil (Frontline, Effipro)

  • dog and cat
  • 4 week activity
  • label (8, 12 week)
  • lice and ticks too
  • BUT not fast enough to prevent flea attachment
  • Spot on more commonly used*
22
Q

Which spot-on products are available for flea control?

A 
> Indoxacarb (Activyl) 
- dog and cat
- activated by flea enzymes
> Imidacloprid (Advantage) 
- dog, cat and rabbit
- efficacy reduced by wetting
23
Q

Which spot-on products are available for fleas and ticks?

A 
> Fipronil (Frontline, Effipro) 
- dog and cat
- > 4 week activity
- but egg laying seen at week 4
- lice and ticks treated too
> Fipronil + Methoprene (Frontline Combo)
 - dog and cat
- extended ovicidal activity
- POM-V
> Pyripole (Practic) 
- dog only 
- ticks only 
> Imidacloprid/Permethrin (Advantix)
- NOT CAT! 
- dog only 
> Dinotefuran/Permethrin/Pyriproxyfen (Vectra 3D) 
- NOT CAT! 
- dog only
24
Q

Which product similar to permethrin is ok for use in cats?

A

Flumethrin

25
Q

Which spot-on endectocides are available and what are they effeectvie against?

A 
> Selamectin (Stronghold, Revolution) 
- dog an dcat
- systemic
- good for fox mange areas (SE England) 
> Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate) 
- dog and cat
- systemic or topical 
- imidacloprid insecticide, moxidectin = milbemycin for roundworms, lungworms and sarcoptes
26
Q

Which acaricidal products can be used for sarcoptes?

A 
> Selamectin (Stronghold, Revolution) 
- x2, q28d min
> Imidacloprid/moxidectin (Advocate)
- x2, q28d min 
> Amitraz (Aludex) washes
- weekly 2-6tx 
- 1/2 dose used for demidex
27
Q

What is the aim of tx of sarcoptes?

A
  • CURE! Eradicate all mites.

- Zoonotic

28
Q

What is the golden rule regarding suspected Sarcoptic mange?

A

Always treat suspected cases as zoonotic

29
Q

What is usually the 1st line tx for ectoparasites?

A 
Treat the treatable
- scabies
- FAD
- pyoderma
- Malasezzia dermatitis 
> rule these out first!
30
Q

Which acaricidal products can be used for demidecosis?

A 
> Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate)
- q7d (poor efficacy) 
> Amitraz (Aludex) washes 
- weekly 8-16 treatements 
> Non-LIC oral tx
- Ivermectin (NOT COLLIES: toxic), Milbemycin
31
Q

Where do demodex live?

A

On hair shafts

32
Q

What is certifect?

A

Frontline Combo + Amitraz

  • dog only
  • pemphigus potential side effect
33
Q

Which acaricidal products are available for ticks?

A 
> Fipronil (spray or spoton) 
- cat and dogs
> Fipronil + Amitraz
- DOGS only
> Amitrz or detamethrin collars
- DOGS only 
> Imidacloprid/permethrin spoton 
- DOGS only
> Indoxacarb/permethrin spoton
- DOGS only 
> Dinotefuran/permethrin spoton
- DOGS only 
> ALfoxalaner, fluralaner 
- DOGS only
34
Q

What new tick product is available?

A 
Serest collar
- Imidacloprid and flumethrin
- Cat: fleas and ticks 7-8mo
- Dog: Fleas, biting lice, ticks 7-8mo
- flea activity v with wetting (~5 mo) 
> slow onset as needs to diffuse into animals
35
Q

What level of efficacy is required for licensing a product in UK?

A

95% (lower in US and Australia)

Dermatology (25 decks)

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