Skin Sampling Flashcards

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1
Q

What sampling techniques are used for derm?

A
  • skin scrapes
  • wood’s lamp
  • coat brushing
  • hair plucks
  • cytology
  • tape strips
  • smears
  • culture
  • biopsy
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2
Q

What can be demonstrated using skin scrapes?

A
  • ectoparasites (esp mites)
  • dermatophytes
  • nematodes
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3
Q

What size blade should be used for skin scrapes?

A

No. 10

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4
Q

What can be demonstrated using Wood’s lamp?

A

Certain spp of dermatophyte (most commonly Microsporum canis in vet species)

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5
Q

What can be demonstrated using hair plucks?

A
  • Ectoparasites (demodex, esp on feet; lice and mites, eggs ‘nits’)
  • Dermatophytes (Hair structure)
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6
Q

What can be demonstrated using coat brushing?

A

superficial ectoparasites esp Cheyletiella and flea feaces

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7
Q

What can be demonstrated using tape strips?

A
  • superficial ectoparsites or microbes, esp yeast (Malasezzia: peanut shaped)
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8
Q

What can be demonstrated using smears?

A
  • cytology (good for ears, inflammatory lesions, masses)

- microbes (staph or pseudomonas most commonly)

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9
Q

What can be demonstrated using biopsy?

A
  • histopath features
  • sample for culture
  • dont crush sample!!
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10
Q

Which derm pathology are Italian Spinonis predisposed to?

A

Otitis Externa

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11
Q

How should skin scrapes/microscope slides be examined?

A

Methodical exam!!! Snake up and down (marks for this is OSCES)

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12
Q

When is skin biopsy indicated?

A
  • neoplasia suspected
  • if dx can only be made by histopath
  • unusual/severe clinical signs
  • persistent ulceration
  • no response to initial measures
  • expensive/hazardous tx considered
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13
Q

Which lesions should be selected for skin biopsy?

A
> spontaneous, early lesions
- macules, papules, nodules
- pustules, vesicles, bullae
> avoid damaged lesion
- excoriated, scarred
- post-inflammatory pigmentation
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14
Q

How should the skin site be prepared for biopsy?

A
  • do NOT Surgically prepare! (removes diagnostic features)
    > exception: tissue culture of nodules
  • do not crush sample
  • 10% buffered formalin immediately, >20x specimen volume
  • remove infection/infestation first? (bacteria/fleas/malasezzia)
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15
Q

What size punch biopsies should be used?

A
  • 6/8mm routinely
  • 4mm foot pads/nasal planum
  • 8mm large lesions
  • AVOID NORMAL SKIN!*
    ie. do not aim for ‘margins’
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16
Q

When are excisional biopsies indicated?

A
  • lesions of panniculus
  • vesicles/bullae
  • larger lesions eg. nodules
17
Q

Why should care be taken around dermatophytes cases?

A

Zoonotic

18
Q

What clinical sign may indicate microbe rather than pure allergy?

A

Brown exudate discolouration of fur

19
Q

What ectoparasite do rabbits get?

A

Fur mite

-> salt and pepper appearance of skin

20
Q

What may be found on skin scrap that is diagnositc of Sarcoptes?

A

Sarcoptes or egg or feacal pellets

21
Q

What is pemphigus folacious?

A
  • autoimmune destruction of desmosomes

- squames and whole cells seen in skin scrapes