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Dermatology > Exotics > Flashcards

Exotics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Ectoparasites affecting rabbits?

A 
> Mites
- leporacarus gibbus (fur mite) 
- psoroptes cuniculi (ear mite)  
- cheyletiella parasitovorax
> lice
> fleas
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2
Q

Main ectoparasites of rats?

A

mites

- radfordia ensifera, notoedres muris

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3
Q

Main ectoparasites of hamseters?

A

mites

- demodex criceti, demodex auati

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4
Q

Main ectoparasites of guinea pigs?

A
  • mites (trixacarus caviae)

- lice (glricola porcelli, gyropus ovalis)

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5
Q

Ectoparasites in ferrets?

A 
> mites 
- otodectes cynotis (ear mite) 
- sarcoptes scabei 
> fleas
- ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea)
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6
Q

Tx ectoparasites?

A
  • ivermectin (0.4mg/kg sc or topically q7-14d)
  • address predisposing factors
  • tx 2* infection
  • consider tx of companions
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7
Q

Egs. of ivermectin based treatments?

A
  • topical products on small animal exempotino scheme

- injectable preferred if poss

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8
Q

Which product are licensed for flea prevention in ferrets and in rabbit?

A 
> ferrets
- moxidectin and imidaclopruid
- fipronil and methoprene
> rabbits
- imidacloprid 
- DO NOT USE FIPRONIL
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9
Q

Tx bacterial skin infection?

A
  • clip and clean
  • bandages/collars not well tolerated
  • PLACE rule for oral Abx to avoid in small herbivores
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10
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions seen in small mammals?

A
  • not well documented
  • substrate eg. pine or cedar shavings
  • antihistamines tried
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11
Q

Should steroids be used in small mammalas?

A
  • rabbits and rodents very sensitive even at low doses
    > severe immunosuppression
    > flare ups of subclinical disease eg. pasteurellosis
    > hepatic lipidosis
  • even if topical
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12
Q

Main causes of non-pruritic alopecia?

A
  • companions overgrooming
  • not all bacterial/fungal/parasitic infectionsare pruritic
  • dermatophytosis
    > usually trichopyton
    > tx topical/systemic antifungals
    > environmental control
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13
Q

Most common alopecic endocrine disorders in guinae pigs?

A
  • cystic ovaries > bilat symmetrical flank alopecia
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14
Q

Most common alopecic endocrine disorders in hamsters?

A
  • hyperadrenocorticism > alopecia and PUPD

definitive dx difficult

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15
Q

Most common alopecic endocrine disorders in ferrets?

A
  • hyperoestrogenism (+swollen vulva, bleeding, collapse, alopecia beginning at tail base)
  • hyperadrenocorticism (bilateral symmetrical alopecia, may be pruritic)
  • seasonal alopecia
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16
Q

What is seasonal alopecia? Which species does it affect?

A

-

- ferrets

17
Q

Which vitamin deficiency are guinaepigs susceptible to? clinical signs?

A

> hypovitaminosis C
- guinaepigs have absolute dietary requirement 10mg/kg vit C/day
- potential underlying cause of bacterial/fungal/parasitic skin disease
clinical signs:
- rough coat, scaling pinnae, petechiae

18
Q

Which small mammal is prone to cutaneous neoplasia?

A

Hamsters

19
Q

What should potentially neoplastic lumps be distinguished from?

A

scent glands

20
Q

What must abx for abscesses cover?

A

Anaerobes

21
Q

Usual tx abscesses?

A

Surgical

22
Q

What is one of the most common dermatological diseases in rabbits?

A

Pododermatitis
- hock pododermatitis foundi n 90% rabbits!
> inappropriate substrate, inactivity, weight
> tx: topical and systemic anti-inflams

23
Q

What causes myxomatosis? Spread?

A
  • pox virus

- spread by biting insects (fleas, mosquitos)

24
Q

Clincal signs myxomatosis?

A
  • swelling eyes, genitals
  • URT signs
    > fatal if unvaccinated
25
Q

Prevention of myxomatosis?

A
  • annual combined vax from 5 weeks old
    > myxomatosis
    > viral haemorrhagic disease
26
Q

When is flystrike seen? Pathogenesis?

A
  • warm weather
  • potentially fatal
  • eggs laid on any dirty/inflamed areas
  • 1-3d develop to maggots > tissue damage, deat h
27
Q

Tx flystrike

A
  • eggs and maggotsp hyscially removed +- sedation!
  • intensive nursing and supportive care
    > pain relief
    > fluids
    > Abx
  • euthanasia??
28
Q

Prevention of flystrike?

A
  • check daily in summer
  • v flies in environment
  • Rearguard applied at high risk times prevents eggs developing for 8-10 weeks
29
Q

How often do pet birds moult?

A
  • 1x year
  • during/just after breeding season
  • energy demands high -> less active bird
30
Q

Potential casues of feather plucking?

A
  • pruritis
  • pain
  • behavioural
31
Q

Cause of pscittacine beak and feather disease?

A 
- circovirus inhaled or eaten 
> affects dividing cells
- sudden death
- immunosuppression
- feather and beak signs
32
Q

Which virus is common in budgies?

A 
Polyoma virus 
- inhaled or eaten 
- may occour at same time as PBFD 
> sudden death 
> feather abnormalities
> bruising and bleeding
33
Q

What is shedding of skin in reptiles known as?

A

ecdysis

34
Q

What are problems with ecdysis usually related to?

A 
- environmental factors
> dysecdysis
- low humidity 
- systemic disease
- local skin problems
35
Q

Why are burns seen in reptiles?

A

inappropriate heat source

  • reptiles slow to respond to thermal pain
  • prolonged tx needed
36
Q

Which reptiles should NOT be treated with ivermectin?

A

-

Dermatology (25 decks)

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