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Dermatology > Farm Skin Disease > Flashcards

Farm Skin Disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

1* causes of skin and coat lesions

A
  • parasites (lice, mites)
  • bacterial (eripsypelalis, dermatophilus)
  • viral (CSF, PMWS/PDNA/PRRS)
  • fungal (dermatophytes)
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2
Q

2* causes of skin disease?

A
  • underlying disease (eg. liver -> hyperphotosensitivity)

- underlying deficiency (eg. copper, which may itself be 2* due to worms)

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3
Q

5 classes of treatment for external parasites?

A
  1. Macrocytic lactones (ivermectin injectable/pouron, good for bugs that feed on body fluids)
  2. synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin eg. crovect, dysect pourons, flectron ear tags)
  3. organophosphates (eg. diazinon, NB. environmental impacts)
  4. amidines (amitraz)
  5. insect growth regulators (IGRs) (eg. cyromazine)
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4
Q

Lice species of cattle

A

Bovicola bovis (chewing)
linognathus vituli
heamatopinus eurysternus
solenopotes capillatas (all sucking)

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5
Q

when are lice seen? clinical signs?

A
  • winter/spring peak numbers, or housed, or weak animals 2* to other disease
  • nos. v with solar radiaton, coat shedding, ^ temp
  • pruritis (esp b bovis) around head and neck, flank and tail base
  • anaemia with h. euryternus and sucking lice
  • alopecia from rubbing
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6
Q

effects on productivity due to lice?

A
  • small if any effect on liveweight
  • light spot and fleck downgrades hide quality
  • some individuals suffer more than others
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7
Q

diagnosis of lice?

A
  • easily visable to naked eye (heavy infestation usually)

- micro to differenitiate type

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8
Q

routine tx of lice in cattle indicated? best time for tx?

A
  • Peak numbers and clinical signs precede natural decline
  • BUT sucking lice on calves/debilitated animals need tx
  • best time to treat is autumn when numbers are LOW
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9
Q

Tx lice in cattle?

A
  • MLs (inject/pouron, pouron only extremely good for. b bovis) kill all sucking lice
  • pouron deltamethrin /cypermethrin (synth pyrethroids)
  • retreat to get nits once they hatch
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10
Q

What pathogens cause mangei n cattle?

A
  • sarcoptes scabei (short legged, burrowing)
  • chorioptes bovis
  • demodex bovis
  • psoroptes ovis
    > remember these are MITES!!
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11
Q

How does in general mange present in cattle?

A
  • Similar to lice, mostle housed cattle

- v. low numbers of mites necessary (may not be detected`)

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12
Q

how does sarcoptic mange present?

A
  • head and tail mange
  • any age, housed cattle
  • may be severe acute onset
  • transmission by contact and fomites (survive ~days eg. hair brushes)
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13
Q

Dx of sarcoptic mange?

A
  • clinical signs
  • skin scrape (NB. mite numbers may be v. low)
  • skin biopsy as burrowing mite
  • DIFFERENTIATE FROM PSORIOPTIC AND CHOROIPTIC mange
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14
Q

Is sarcoptic mange zoonotic?

A
  • no as host specific

- BUT may cause hypersensitivity reaction in people

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15
Q

Tx sarcoptic mange?

A

MLs (mite burrowing so in contact with body fluids)

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16
Q

Which animals are mainly affected by PSOROPTIC mange? Common?

A

beef, esp imported belgian blues

- not common, occasional cases

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17
Q

What type of pathogen causes psoroptic mange in cattel?

A
  • sheep scab mite
  • long legged
  • v. itchy
  • superficial pathogen
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18
Q

Tx PSOROPTIC mange in cattle?

A

Permethrin pouron product (“Flypor”

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19
Q

Clinical picture with CHORIOPTIC mange? Common?

A
  • tail mange - bum, hind legs, udder, perineum, tail
  • housed cattle, winter
  • very common
  • pruritis but not severe
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20
Q

Do cattle get demodex?

A

Yes, common but underdiagnosed

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21
Q

Problems caused by demodectic mange in cattle?

A

Hide damage, no pruritis

- occasionally develop into multiple nodules +- 2* infection (face, neck, shoulders)

22
Q

Which ectoparsite of cattle is notifiable? CLinical signs?

A

Warble fly

- nodules down cattle back, cow tries to escape flies

23
Q

Which lice affect sheep?

A
  • Bovicola ovis (sheep body louse)

- Linognathus ovillus

24
Q

Clinical signs of sheep body lice? INcidence ^/v?

A
  • severe fleece derangement
  • rubbing, biting wool
  • merino and merino type breeds worst affected
  • ^ incidence in UK since dipping stoppped (used to be obligatory dipping for sheep scab mite also tx lice)
25
Q

Epidemiology of sheep body lice?

A
  • ^no in long wool

- v at shearing (solar radiation)

26
Q

Dx sheep body lice?

A

part wool and examine near skin

27
Q

Tx sheep body lice?

A
  • shear

- insecticides (pour on or saturation (dip) of OPs once only needed as wool grease holds and releases slowly)

28
Q

Which mites affect sheep?

A
  • sarcopties scabei
  • demodex ovis
  • psorbia ovis
  • chorioptes bovis
  • psoroptes ovis
29
Q

What is sheep scab?

A

Psoroptic mange

30
Q

Clinical findings with sheep scab?

A
  • pustules
  • speading moist lesions
  • fleece matted
  • extreme pruritis
  • can become v extensive
  • mites just about visable naked eye
  • loss of BCS and death if severe
31
Q

Epidemiology of scheep scab?

A

Psoroptic mange mites

  • multiply v rapidly
  • winter more favourable than summer
  • sometimes infections latent over summer
32
Q

Dx sheep scab?

A
  • winter ^ nos
  • scrape periphery of lesion until it bleeds
  • pathogens easy to find
33
Q

Tx and control of sheep scab (psoroptic mange)?

A
  1. plunge dip OP solution
  2. MLs injected (may need repeated tx)
    - pour on tx NOT EFFECTIVE
    - spray races and shower NOT EFFECTIVE
    - pastures, building and fences = sources of reinfection (~15d)
    > notifiable scotlang
    > dont send to market
34
Q

Why may plunge dips (tx 1) not work for sheep scab control?

A
  • duration too short < 1min
  • head not dipped (dip 2x)
  • dip dirty
  • strength too low/not restocked
35
Q

Which MLs (tx 2) are suitable for sheep scab tx

A
  • Doramectin (IM 1x @ 300ug/kg)
  • Ivermectin (SC 2x q7d @ 200ug/kg)
  • Moxidectin (SC 2x q10d @ 200ug/kg fot tx, last 28d for prevention)
36
Q

Which tx option for sheep scab is most efficient or cheapest?

A
  • plunge dips (OP) hard work and stressfull but cheap

- MLs less labour and less stress but 4x price

37
Q

Tx blowfly strike? Technical name for strike?

A
  • Cutaneous myiasis
  • tx IGRs/insecticide (eg. Coopers Spoton)
  • clip and clean area
  • supportive tx
  • prevention in lambs = tail docking + Cyromazine (Vetrazin)/Cypermethrin
38
Q

Predilection sites and pathogensis of blowfly strike?

A
  • breech/body/wounds/horn base
  • 1* flies lay eggs in moist wool, inflamed skin
  • larvae feed on skin surface
  • toxameia follows (skin necrosis and absorption of bacterial toxins)
  • 2/3 flies may invade
39
Q

Which species of lice affects pigs?

A
  • Haematopinus suis

- very large

40
Q

Pathogenesis of pig lice?

A
  • transmit african swine fever and swine pox
41
Q

Tx pig lice?

A
  • OPs 2x q14d

- MLs (blood sucking lice)

42
Q

Which mites affect pigs?

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei ( 10% prevalence)
43
Q

Severity and signs of mite infection in pigs? Tx?

A
  • serious condidiotn
  • chronic -> hyperkeratisation
  • Ivermectin tx
44
Q

Which species are affected by Dermatophilus?

A
  • sheep (“lumpy wool”)
  • camelids
  • goats
  • pigs
  • rarely cattle
45
Q

Clinical signs of dermatophilus?

A
  • crusts of varying thickness
  • tends to follow wet weather (warm)
  • lesions can be painful when pulled off
46
Q

Dx dermatophilus?

A
  • hx and cs
  • smears from scabs (mince up crusts with saline/KOH, air dry, diffquick -> G+ cocci rows, look like railroad tracks, may be branching)
47
Q

Tx dermatophilus?

A
  • bring affected animals out of wet environment
  • correct any underlying problems predisposing to infection
  • systemic Abx
    > penicillin (22,000 IU/kg, 5d)
    > penicillin ( 70,000 IU/kg, once)
    > oxytetracycline (20mg/kg, once)
  • topical chlorhexidine scrub
48
Q

Which species of ringworm dermatophyte most commonly affect farm species?

A
  • T. verrucosum

- self-limiting, usually resolves ~1-3months

49
Q

Clinical signs dermatophytosis in cattle?

A
  • grey scales/crust patches with alopecia, esp head and neck

- pruritis variable

50
Q

Vax available for dermatophytosis? Tx?

A
  • Yes, RIngvac
  • Otherwise, SUNSHINE!
  • immunity develops following first infection, usually lifelong

Dermatology (25 decks)

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