Small Services Flashcards
A condition in which a clot forms under the nail, it varies in colour from (ma)roon to black.
(Hemorrhage-ruptured blood vessel-clot)
Hematoma
Risk factors: sudden blow to the nail bed, pressure from shoes
Treatment: don’t apply artificial nails, be gentle, soak in Epson salts
Part or all of the nail sheds and can affect one or more nails, this may happen during or after certain diseases, system upsets or diabetes.
Onychoptosis
Risk factors: can occur after syphilis, fever, system upsets
Treatment: refer to doctor, treat as a fragile nail
Ridges on the nail surface, looks like grooves on a (celer)y stalk.
Secleronychia
Risk factors: injury, iron deficiency
Treatment: can be buffed down, nail conditioner
Nails that are bitten enough to become deformed.
Phags bite nails
Onychophagy
Risk factors: nervous habit, acquired
Treatment: artificial nails, frequent manicures
The nail is blue, caused by poor circulation. (Cyan=purple)
Onychocyanosis
Risk factor: lack of oxygen
Treatment: regular manicures, refer to physician
Nail loosens from the nail bed, beginning at the free edge. May be caused by a sharp object puncturing the hyponychium.
(Loosens-lysis)
Onycholysis
Risk factors: eczema or psoriasis, prolonged immersion in water
Treatment: refer to doctor, keep nail bed dry
When seen on a caucasion it may be the sign of malignant (melano)ma.
(Melanin-darkening of nails)
Melanonychia
Risk factors: increased melanocytes
Treatment: refer to a doctor to treat malignant melanoma
As the nail grows toward the free edge, the nail curls inward. The nail bed is constricted within this curl.
Trumpet or pincer nail
Risk factors: caused by a bone spur on top of the underlying bone, inherited
Treatment: trim where possible, keep short
Shedding of the nail plate. May be caused by an infection, injury or chemotherapy.
(Mad- nail falls off)
Onychomadesis
Risk factors: severe systemic illness, chemotherapy treatments
Treatment: if no infection, regular manicure, if there is, don’t apply polish, refer to a doctor
Splits in the nail plate. May be caused by dryness.
Splits and hangs
Hangnail or agnail
Risk factors: dryness, nail biting
Treatment: cuticle oil, trim with cuticle nippers
The surface of the nail is flat, while one or both edges of the nail fold 90 degrees into the soft tissue of the nail groove.
Plicatured nail
Risk factors: injury to matrix, inherited
Treatment: trim & slightly round the corners
Soft, thin, white and curve down at the free edge.
Lac)taid-white
Onychomalacia
Risk factors: malnutrition, lack of vitamin B7
Treatment: gentle care, see physician, nail hardener
Nails turn in an upward direction at the free edge.
Koilanychia
Risk factors: congenital birth defect, lack of RBC
Treatment: keep nails trimmed, see physician
White spots on the nail caused by air that is trapped in the layers of the nail.
(Leukaemia- white spots)
Leuconychia
Risk factors: air trapped in layers of nail, deficiency in iron
Treatment: cannot be corrected, must grow out
Overgrowth of the nail length or thickness. (Cauxs longer and thicker) may curl inward, turn white or yellow
Onychauxis
Risk factors: may be caused by hormonal imbalance, diabetes, poor circulation. Most often seen in elderly.
Treatment: refer to a physician, wear comfortable footwear
A matrix infection caused by bacteria at the base of the nail or entire nail border.
Paronychia or Onychia
Risk factors: unsanitary implements, injury
Treatment: do not treat, refer to doctor
Cuticle sticks to the nail and if not treated, will grow over the nail to the free edge.
(Gum-sticky)
Pterygium Ungerium
Risk factors: hereditary, improper home care
Treatment: recommend cuticle oil
Rams horn nail, the nail becomes thick and curves.
Onychogryposis
Risk factors: injury to the nail, diabetes
Treatment: keep nails trimmed, buff to reduce thickness
A lump of red tissue that grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate and is caused by a severe inflammation.
(Lump-big-grand)
Pyrogenic Granuloma
Risk factors: a severe inflammation may cause an injury
Treatment: do not treat, refer to doctor
The technical term for tumour of the nail.
Chemo-choma
Onychoma
Risk factors: unknown
Treatment: refer to doctor
Abnormal brittle nail that splits at the free edge.
Onychorrehexis
Risk factors: injury to finger, nail polish removers
Treatment: recommend no polish, avoid harsh soaps
There are 3 stages of this nail disease as the fungus invades the nail plate. 1st stage white patches can be scraped off.
(Cosis-disease)
Onychomycosis
Stage 1: whitish patches that can be scraped off
Stage 2: yellowish streaks within the nail substance; disease invades the free edge and spreads toward the root
Stage 3: irregularly thin; peel off and expose diseased parts of the nail bed
Risk factors: fungus
Treatment: contagious, recommend footlogix nail tincture
Abnormal layering of the nail plate, caused by chemicals or injury.
(Scissor blades layer)
Onychoschiza
Risk factors: irritation from chemicals, mechanical injury
Treatment: avoid excess water, avoid nail polish, cuticle oil
Athlete’s foot.
Pedis-foot
Tinea pedis
Risk factors: acquired by contact with objects
Treatment: footlogix peeling skin formula, change socks regularly
Ingrown nail. (Cry= hurts)
Onychocryptosis
Risk factor: improper cutting or filing, hereditary
Treatment: use corner file to reduce pressure, chronic cases refer to a physician
Wasting away of the nail, may be caused by injury or illness. Nail looses its (shine), shrinks and may shed.
(Trophy-shines)
Onychatrophia
Risk factors: injury to nail matrix or vascular disease
Treatment: avoid strong soaps and detergents, use gentle pressure when pushing back the cuticle
Means related to the nail and is at the beginning or end of most terms.
Onycho
Means all diseases of the nail.
Chosis-disease
Onychosis
What is the golden rule?
If the nail or skin to be worked on is infected, inflamed, broken, or swollen, the nail technician should not service the client; instead, refer to doctor
What should an esthetician do before performing any service?
Do a thorough examination & proper questioning
