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Semester 2 Exams > Anatomy Part 1 Exam > Flashcards

Anatomy Part 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of muscular tissue:

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Visceral muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue

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2
Q

Description of a skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • striated or striated voluntary
  • muscles attached to bones
  • Many nuclei per cell
  • Combines with connective tissue to cause movement
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3
Q

Description of Visceral Muscle Tissue

A
  • Non striated involuntary or smooth
  • Found in walls of viscera
  • No cross striations, smooth appearance
  • One nucleus per fibre (per cell)
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4
Q

Description of Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A
  • Striated involuntary
  • Makes up wall of heart
  • Cross striations and unique dark bands
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5
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A cord of fibrous connective tissue attaches muscle to bone

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6
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Any band of connective tissue connecting bones (bone to bone)

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7
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A broad flat sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone or other muscle

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8
Q

Strain vs sprain

A

Strain: damage to the muscle or its tendon
Sprain: injury to a ligament

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9
Q

What draws the lower lip downward?

A

Depressor labii inferioris

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10
Q

What raises upper lip and dilates nostrils?

A

Levator labii superioris

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11
Q

What is responsible for lifting the mouth and cheeks as we laugh?

A

Zygomaticus

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12
Q

Whats responsible for closing jaw or mouth, clenching teeth & chewing?

A

Masseter

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13
Q

What permits smiling & blowing as in playing a trumpet or whistling & helps with chewing?

A

Baccinator

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14
Q

What is responsible for closing jaw, clenching teeth & retracting lower jaw?

A

Temporalis

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15
Q

What raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead horizontally?

A

Occipitofrontalis

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16
Q

What closes the eye and contributes to fine lines?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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17
Q

What wrinkles the forehead vertically?

A

Corrugator

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18
Q

What wrinkles skin over bridge of nose?

A

Procerus

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19
Q

What closes and puckers lips?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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20
Q

A large triangular muscle covering the back of the neck & upper back:

A

Trapezius

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21
Q

Large, thick, triangular, shapes muscle covers shoulder and top of arm:

A

Deltoid

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22
Q

Why is water needed for exercise?

A
  1. Needed before exercise to avoid dehydration
  2. Needed during exercise due to loss via sweating
  3. Needed during exercise to help body cool down
  4. Helps flush out waste products
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23
Q

T/F there are no muscles in fingers

A

True

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24
Q

How does origin and insertion relate to massage?

A

The direction of pressure is from insertion to origin.

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25
Q

What would impede the body’s ability to digest food?

A

Diseases or medications

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26
Q

What are the micro and macro nutrients?

A

Micronutrients: minerals & vitamins
Macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats

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27
Q

What protein is needed in the body? Give examples

A

Collagen, it’s the most abundant protein in the body

Fish
Chicken
Eggs

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28
Q

What is a complete protein source?

A

Meat, fish, poultry

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29
Q

What is meant by a complimentary protein?

A

Combination of two incomplete proteins (ex; beans & brown rice, peanut butter & whole grain bread)

30
Q

What is the body’s main fuel source?

A

Carbohydrates

31
Q

Explain blood glucose regulation:

A
  • Increase blood glucose* → stimulates pancreas → secretes insulin → target cells take glucose → decreased blood glucose lvls
  • Low blood glucose* → stimulates pancreas → secretes glucagon → released into blood → raising blood glucose lvls
32
Q

Which fatty acids are essential?

A

Omega 3 and omega 6

33
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

34
Q

Water soluble vitamins:

35
Q

______ are Biological catalysts that are made of proteins & vitamins. They help speed up reactions but don’t end up in the final product.

36
Q

Why is water so important to our health?

A
  • To sustain cell health
  • Eliminate toxins & waste
  • Regulate body temp.
  • Helps with proper digestion
  • Keeps skin & body healthy
37
Q

What is a probiotic?

A

A live beneficial microorganism/bacterium that are in the human intestine.
Ex; kombucha, pickles, unsweetened yogurt

38
Q

_______ is when too many good/bad bacteria’s are in the gut.

A

Gut dysbiosis

39
Q

Contributing factors to gut dysbiosis:

A 
Contributing factors:
Poor diet habits (sugar, carbohydrates, too much animal protein)
Stress
Too much alcohol
Poor dental hygiene
Antacids
Antibiotics and other medications
Lack of exercise
Cigarette smoking
Aging
40
Q

Nutritional requirements depend on:

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Weight
  • Physical activity
  • Body type
41
Q

What is protein needed for?

A

For building, repairing, and maintaining tissues

42
Q

What are the 3 sources of carbohydrates?

A
  1. Simple starchy carbohydrates
  2. Complex starchy carbohydrates
  3. Complex fibrous carbohydrates
43
Q

What are the 3 fatty acids?

A
  1. Saturated fats
  2. Monounsaturated fats
  3. Polyunsaturated fats
44
Q

What type of fat is very bad?

45
Q

Vitamin D is also known as the ______ _____:

A

Sunshine vitamin

46
Q

What vitamin helps with the aging process?

47
Q

Why does an esthetician study the lymphatic system?

A

It’s important in waste removal and the immune system

48
Q

What does our spleen do?

A

Filters blood and produces lymphocytes

49
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes and where are they?

A
  • To filter & produce lymphocytes.
  • They’re located along the main lymphatic routes; most abundant: axilla (underarm), groin, thorax (upper body-lungs), abdomen
50
Q

What happens when bacteria are present?

A

When bacteria are present it causes lymph nodes to swell & become very painful; sore neck & throat

51
Q

What is the most important function of the heart?

A

Pumps blood through the circulatory system

52
Q

What are the functions of blood? Describe them

A
  • Carries water, oxygen, nutrients, & secretions to all the cells of the body
  • Carries away CD and waste products (detoxification) to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, & large intestine
  • Helps equalize body temperature, protecting the body from extreme heat and cold.
  • Aids in protecting the body from harmful bacteria & infections with WBC
  • Form clots, preventing blood loss through injured blood vessels
53
Q

Valves allow blood to flow in both directions. T or F

A

False - valves only allow blood to flow in one direction

54
Q

What is the membrane in which the heart is closed in?

A

Pericardium

55
Q

What is an arteriole?

A

Smallest vessel of arterial system, preceding capillary

56
Q

Veins have ________ to prevent backflow.

A

Cup like valves

57
Q

Sympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate. T/F

58
Q

What is the exception to what a regular vein carries?

A

Pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

59
Q

What is the only artery in the blood that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

60
Q

Name the path of pulmonary circulation.

A

Blood circulation that goes from the heart to lungs to be purified and then returns to the heart. Via pulmonary blood vessels

61
Q

In blood, how much is blood cells and how much is plasma?

A

⅓ cells

⅔ plasma

62
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Blood clotting

63
Q

Functions of the circulatory system:

A

Circulation
Transportation
Defence
Regulation

64
Q

What’s inside the heart?

A

4 hollow chambers

4 valves

65
Q

Pulmonary circulation vs systemic/general circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation: blood circulation from heart to lungs

Systemic/ general circulation: blood circulation from heart, throughout body, back to heart

66
Q

The normal temperature of blood is what?

A

98.6 degrees F

67
Q

What is the colour of blood in arteries vs veins?

A

Arteries: bright red
Veins: dark red

68
Q

Another word for red blood cells:

A

Erythrocytes

69
Q

Another word for white blood cells:

A

Leukocytes

70
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

Liquid part of blood or whole blood minus it’s cells

71
Q

Plasma components:

A
  1. 9/10 water
  2. Nutrients
  3. Metabolic wastes
  4. Respiratory gases
  5. Regulatory substances
  6. Protective substances

Semester 2 Exams (8 decks)

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