SM_266a: Autoimmune Systemic Diseases Flashcards
Vitiligo is ____
Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune disorder of the skin in which destruction of melanocytes leads to well-demarcated patches of depigmentation
(often devastating for those affected)
Vitiligo is characterized by ____
Vitiligo is characterized by well demarcated areas of pigmentation
Vitiligo may be associated with ____
Vitiligo may be associated with other autoimmune conditions such as thyroid dysfunction, alopecia areata, and diabetes mellitus
(consider checking TSH)
Consider checking ____ in patients with vitiligo
Consider checking TSH in patients with vitiligo
Vitiligo is treated with ____, ____, ____, ____, or ____
Vitiligo is treated with phototherapy (light therapy), topical steroids, topical immunosuppressants (e.g. Tacrolimus), laser, or depigmentation
Alopecia areata is ____
Alopecia areata is an acquired autoimmune disorder targeting hair follicle structures resulting in recurrent patches of non-scarring alopecia
(often associated with significant psychosocial and emotional distress)
Alopecia areata most commonly presents as ____
Alopecia areata most commonly presents as well demarcated round patches of alopecia
Alopecia areata has possible association with ____
Alopecia areata has possible association with other autoimmune conditions such as thyroid disease, vitiligo, and diabetes
(check TSH)
Check ____ in patients with alopecia areata
Check TSH in patients with alopecia areata
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a ____ deficiency and presents as ____
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a zinc deficiency and presents as perioral / perianal erosive scaly rash
Acrodermatitis enteropathica appears in ____ if genetic
Acrodermatitis enteropathica appears in babies days to weeks after birth or after weaning from breast feeding if genetic
Scurvy is ____ deficiency and presents as ____
Scurvy is ascorbic acid deficiency and presents as bleeding, gingivae, petechiae, ecchymoses, follicular hyperkeratosis, and corkscrew hairs
Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) is associated with ____, ____, ____, and ____ carcinomas and ____ adenoma/carcinoma in Muir-Torre
Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) is associated with colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and gatric carcinomas and sebaceous adenoma/carcinoma in Muir-Torre
Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is characterized by ____
Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is characterized by neutrophilic infiltrate
Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) involves ____ and ____ and is treated with ____
Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) involves fever and general malaise and is treated with oral prednisone
Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is associated with ____, ____, ____ and ____
Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is associated with malignancy (especially AML), inflammatory bowel disease, drugs (G-CSF), pregnancy, and infections (Streptococcus URI, Yersiniosis)
Cirrhosis involves ____ and ____
Cirrhosis involves dilated abdominal veins (caput medusae) and spider angiomas
Lichen planus is an ____ that occurs after ____ and presents as ____
Lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory skin disease that occurs after Hepatitis C presents as flat topped violaceous papules
Renal disease includes ____ and ____
Renal disease includes pruritis and calciphylaxis
Describe pruritis
Pruritis
- Possibly related to increase in tissue mast cells
- Localized or generalized
- Worse with hemodialysis
- Treatment: emollients, UV light, gabapentin, anti-histamines
(renal disease)
Calciphylaxis is ____ that presents as ____
Calciphylaxis is progressive vascular calcification of the skin and soft tissue that presents as violaceous reticulated patches
Calciphylaxis progresses from ___ to ___ to ___
Calciphylaxis progresses from bullae to tissue necrosis to ulceration
Calciphylaxis is ____ and affects ____ areas of the body
Calciphylaxis is extremely painful and affects painful areas of the body
Describe sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis
- Lupus pernio: papulonodules and plaques involving areas affected by cold - nose, ears, cheeks
- Lofgren’s syndrome: erythema nodosum + hilar adenopathy + fever + polyarthritis + acute iritis
- Can affect virtually any organ system
Lupus pernio occurs in ____, presents as ____, and has a strong association with ____ disease
Lupus pernio occurs in sarcoidosis, presents as papulonodules and plaques involving areas affected by cold (nose, ears, cheeks), and has a strong association with chronic lung and upper respiratory tract disease
Lofgren’s syndrome occurs in ____ and involves ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Lofgren’s syndrome occurs in sarcoidosis and involves erythema nodosum, hilar adenopathy, fever, polyarthritis, and acute iritis
Addison’s disease is ____
Addison’s disease is diffuse hyperpigmentation from activity of melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(endocrine disorder)
Diabetes mellitus manifests as ____ on the skin which is ____
Diabetes mellitus manifests as acanthosis nigricans on the skin which is velvety, hyperpigmented plaques in flexural surfaces
(most commonly occurs in overweight persons with insulin resistance)
Acanthosis nigricans in diabetes mellitus most commonly occurs in ____ people with ____
Acanthosis nigricans in diabetes mellitus most commonly occurs in overweight people with insulin resistance
(velvety, hyperpigmented plaques in flexural surfaces)
Describe pyoderma gangrenosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Ulcer with necrotic, undermined borders
- Painful, typically lower extremities
- Associated with inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, monoclonal gammopathy, CML
- Treatment is systemic steroids, TNF inhibitors, rituximab
Pyoderma gangrenosum is ____ that is ____ and typically occurs on ____
Pyoderma gangrenosum is ulcer with necrotic undermined borders that is painful and typically occurs on lower extremities
Pyoderma gangrenosum is associated with ____, ____, ____, and ____
Pyoderma gangrenosum is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, monoclonal gammopathy, and CML
Pyoderma gangrenosum is treated with ____, ____, and ____
Pyoderma gangrenosum is treated with systemic steroids, TNF inhibitors, and rituximab
Dermatitis herptiformis is ____ manifestation of ____ and involves ____
Dermatitis herptiformis is cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy) and involves intense pruritis
(treatment is gluten free diet and dapsone)
Dermatitis herpetiformis is treated with ____ and ____
Dermatitis herpetiformis is treated with gluten free diet and dapsone
