SM_218a: Cartilage Histology

Question 1

Cartilage is ______

Answer 1

Cartilage is rubbery, flexible matrix that covers the ends of bones

Question 2

What are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 2

Functions of cartilage

• Supports body
• Helps articulate joints
• Provides attachment sites for muscles
• Gives structure to certain parts of the body
• Improves flexibility
• Acts as scaffold for bone development

Question 3

Cartilage includes a _____ component and a _____

Answer 3

Cartilage includes a cellular component (chondrocytes) and matrix component

Question 4

Three types of cartilage are _____, _____, and _____

Answer 4

Three types of cartilage are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Question 5

Hyaline cartilage is a ______

Answer 5

Hyaline cartilage is a homogeneous matrix of predominantly type II collagen and proteoglycans with chondrocytes

(most prevalent)

Question 6

Elastic cartilage has ____ fibers within the ____

Answer 6

Elastic cartilage has elastic fibers within the matrix

Question 7

Fibrocartilage has _____ running through the _____

Answer 7

Fibrocartilage has type I collagen fibers running through the matrix

Question 8

______ helps fibrocartilage resist ______ forces

Answer 8

Collagen helps fibrocartilage resist compressive forces

Question 9

______ pattern is pathognomonic for fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Herring bone pattern is pathognomonic for fibrocartilage

(also called chevron pattern)

Question 10

Hyaline cartilage is found in ______

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage is found in long bones

Question 11

Elastic cartilage is found in the ______ and ______

Answer 11

Elastic cartilage is found in the ear and epiglottis

Question 12

Fibroelastic cartilage is found in the ______ and ______

Answer 12

Fibroelastic cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

(resists compressive forces)

Question 13

_____ covers the cartilage

Answer 13

Perichondrium covers the cartilage

Question 14

_____ is required for something to be cartilage

Answer 14

Lacunar space is required for something to be cartilage

Question 15

Darker matrix (immature) is _____ matrix, while lighter matrix (mature) is _____

Answer 15

Darker matrix (immature) is territorial matrix, while lighter matrix (mature) is interterritorial

Question 16

____ are proliferating cartilage

Answer 16

Isogenous groups are proliferating cartilage

Question 17

Matrix of cartilage is composed of _____, _____, and _____

Answer 17

Matrix of cartilage is composed of type II collagen, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, and structural glycoproteins

Question 18

Matrix of cartilage is predominantly ______ collagen

Answer 18

Matrix of cartilage is predominantly type II collagen

(also types VI, IX, X, XI to interconnet component fibers and cells)

Question 19

_____ and _____ form complexes with negative charges and bind with water to give the matrix its viscosity, strength, and flexibility

Answer 19

Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans form complexes with negative charges and bind with water to give the matrix its viscosity, strength, and flexibility

(hyaluronic acid is the largest GAG)

Question 20

_____ is the largest glycosaminoglycan

Answer 20

Hyaluronic acid is the largest glycosaminoglycan

Question 21

_____ attach cells to the matrix in cartilage

Answer 21

Structural glycoproteins attach cells to the matrix in cartilage

Question 22

Describe the development of cartilage

Answer 22

Development of cartilage

1. Everything is cartilage at the beginning
2. Cartilage develops into bone through endochondrial ossification or intramembranous ossification and the remaining cartilage becomes mature cartilage

Question 23

Zones during ossification include _____, _____, _____, and _____

Answer 23

Zones during ossification include zone of ossification, zone of hypertrophy, zone of proliferation, and reserve cartilage