SM_254a: Benign Skin Neoplasms Flashcards
This is ____
This is seborrheic keratosis
Describe seborrheic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis
- Benign superficial (epidermal) growth
- Common after age 30
- Can arise on all body surfaces except palms and soles
- Stuck-on quality (like a glob of wax smushed to the skin)
- Tan or brown or sometimes black
- Crumbles, flakes, or lifts off, revealing superficial waxy character if picked at
- Often multiple
- Individual lesions do not go away
Image on the left is normal, while imagine on the right is ____
Image on the left is normal, while imagine on the right is seborrheic keratosis
(hyperproliferation of keratinocytes)
This patient has ____
This patient has solar lentigo
Describe solar lentigo
Solar lentigo
- Sun spot / age spot / liver spot
- Results from sun damage: common on sun damaged skin
- Flat light brown macules
- Not cancerous or precancerous
- No treatment required
- Prevention is sun protection
- Excessive amount reflects history of UV exposure: can identify people at risk for skin cancer
Solar lentigo involves increased ____ but not an increase in the number of ____
Solar lentigo involves increased melanin but not an increase in the number of melanocyte cells
____ spots that are ____, ____, and ____ are likely melanoma rather than solar lentigo
Ugly duckling spots that are different in color (darker, multiple, variegated), have a diameter of > 6 mm, and are evolving are likely melanoma rather than solar lentigo
These are ____
These are skin tags
Describe skin tags (acrochordons)
Skin tags (acrochordons)
- Soft fleshy papules that arise in axiallae, neck, groin, and eyelids
- Skin colored to brown
- Often pedunculated (connected to skin with small stalk)
This is a _____
This is a skin tag
(polypoid growth protruding out of skin, soft and fleshy because composed of dermis in addition to epidermis)
This is a ____
This is a dermatofibroma
Describe dermatofibromas
Dermatofibromas
- Single small round firm papule 0.5 - 1 cm
- Pink, reddish brown, sometimes hyperpigmented
- Dimple sign
- Most common on lower extremities
- Initiated by injuries to skin such as insect bites or inflammed hair follicles
- Scar
___ sign is indicative of dermatofibroma
Dimple sign is indicative of dermatofibroma
This is a _____
This is a keloid
Describe keloids
Keloids
- Firm, hyperpigmented, pink or red plaque or nodule
- Often shiny or smooth surface
- Usually at site of previously known tissue trauma (cut, laceration, burn, sometimes acne, piercing)
- Excess scar tissue gone out of control
- Lesions can be tender or itchy
In keloids, there is an imbalance in collagen ____ and ____ leading to ____ and ____
In keloids, there is an imbalance in collagen production and degradation leading to excessive collagen production and less degradation
(allows scar to form in all directions)
Keloids can be treated with ____ to flatten out the scar and reduce itch/pain
Keloids can be treated with intralesional steroid injection to flatten out the scar and reduce itch/pain
This is a ____
This is a cherry angioma
Describe cherry angiomas
Cherry angiomas
- Shiny bright red papules
- Location common on trunk but can be anywhere (face, scalp)
- Likely genetic
- Common to have multiple spots
- Can increase in number during pregnancy
This is a ____
This is a cherry angioma
This is a ____
This is a pyogenic granuloma
Describe pyogenic granulomas
Pyogenic granulomas
- Eruptive, small, solitary, sessile, or pedunculated vascular (red) raised papule
- Bleeds easily with trauma
- Relative quick onset
This is a ____
This is a pyogenic granuloma
This is an ____
This is an epidermal inclusion cyst
Describe epidermal inclusion cysts
Epidermal inclusion cysts
- Mobile subcutaneous nodule, often with overlying punctum
- Arise from hair follicles
- Debirs (dead skin cells, oil, etc) collects within a sack: may discharge foul smelling cheesy white material
- Benign and require no treatment
- If rupture due to trauma, create abscess (sterile) -> incision and drainage
- Can be surgically removed if cause discomfort
This is an ____
This is an epidermal inclusion cyst
(keratinocytic lining, filled with dead keratinocytes and sebaceous material)
This is a ____
This is a lipoma
Lipoma is a ____
Lipoma is a soft, poorly defined, rubber painless subcutaneous nodule
This is ____
This is sebaceous hyperplasia
Describe sebaceous hyperplasia
Sebaceous hyperplasia
- Cream colored or yellowish papule with central depression
- Located on face
- Usually multiple in number
- Age of onset is in 40s
This is ____
This is sebaceous hyperplasia
This is a ____
This is a hemangioma
Describe hemangioma
Hemangioma
- Strawberry hemangioma
- Most common benign tumor of childhood
- Present at birth or within first few weeks of life
- Common location: head and neck but can happen anywhere
- Raised, soft, easily compressed
- Evolution: growth within the 1st year, then slowly disappear spontaneously
- Most gone by age 7
Stem cells within hemangioma tissue differentiate into ____, which ____ then ____
Stem cells within hemangioma tissue differentiate into mature blood vessels, which proliferate than involute
This patient has ____
This patient has solar lentigo
This is a ____
This is a pyogenic granuloma
This is firm and discharges material once in a while. It is ____
This is firm and discharges material once in a while. It is an epidermal inclusion cyst
This is a ____
This is a keloid
(raised plaque or nodule, shiny in appearance)
This is ____
This is seborrheic keratosis
This patient has ____
This patient has cherry angiomas
