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MSK/Derm > SM_222a: Organization of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

SM_222a: Organization of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Joint complex consists of _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

Joint complex consists of bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves

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2
Q

Limbs are outgrowths of the body well, innervated by ______ of spinal nerves through ______

A

Limbs are outgrowths of the body well, innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves through nerve plexi

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3
Q

Muscles within compartments share ______, ______, ______, and ______

A

Muscles within compartments share embryological origins, nerve and blood supply, attachment points, and function

(compartments separated by deep fascia)

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4
Q

Muscles of the upper limb are innervated by branches of the _____, a network of anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves _____

A

Muscles of the upper limb are innervated by branches of the brachial plexus, a network of anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

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5
Q

Type and range of motion at any synovial joint is mainly determined by the shape of the _____

A

Type and range of motion at any synovial joint is mainly determined by the shape of the articulation

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6
Q

Describe the different types of joints

A

Types of joints

  • Ball and socket joints (shoulder, hip): permit movement on several axes (most mobile)
  • Condylar joints (knee): permit motion in one major and one minor direction
  • Hinge joints (elbow, upper ankle): permit motion in one direction
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7
Q

Ball and socket joints permit motion _____ and include _____ and _____

A

Ball and socket joints permit motion on several axes and include shoulder and hip

(most mobile)

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8
Q

Condylar joints permit motion _____ and include the _____

A

Condylar joints permit motion in one major and one minor direction and include the knee

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9
Q

Hinge joints permit motion _____ and include the _____ and _____

A

Hinge joints permit motion in one direction and include the elbow and upper ankle

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10
Q

Ligaments are _____ that connect _____ to _____

A

Ligaments are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to other bones

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11
Q

Ligaments prevent damage to joints by _____ and _____

A

Ligaments prevent damage to joints by limiting the range of movement in the normal direction of motion and preventing movements in unwanted directions

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12
Q

Damage to a ligament is called a _____, which is graded based on _____ and _____

A

Damage to a ligament is called a sprain, which is graded based on the degree of tear and resulting joint instability

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13
Q

Role of muscles is _____

A

Role of muscles is to generate the forces necessary to move the body or to stabilize the body against forces

(prevent or limit joint damage)

(muscle facts include name, attachment, action, and nerve supply)

(usually origin is proximal and fixed, while insertion is distal and moves)

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14
Q

With regards to muscles, the muscles the _____ performs the action, while the _____ performs the movement opposite

A

With regards to muscles, the protagonist performs the action, while the antagonist performs the movement opposite

(flexion of the elbow joint: biceps brahcii is protagonist, triceps brachii is the antagonist)

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15
Q

Joints in the shoulder are _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

Joints in the shoulder are sternoclavicular, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumoral, and scapulothoracic (not true joint)

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16
Q

Glenohumoral joint is a _____ joint capable of _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

Glenohumoral joint is a ball and socket joint capable of flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal (medial) and external (lateral) rotation, and circumduction

(greatest ROM of any joint, least stable joint, most commonly dislocated)

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17
Q

Glenohumoral joint has the greatest _____ of any joint but is the _____ stable and most commonly _____

A

Glenohumoral joint has the greatest ROM of any joint but is the least stable and most commonly dislocated

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18
Q

Acromioclavicular joint is a _____ joint which allows _____ sliding movements between the acromion of the scapula and distal end of the clavicle

A

Acromioclavicular joint is a synovial joint which allows small sliding movements between the acromion of the scapula and distal end of the clavicle

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19
Q

Coracoclavicular joint is a _____ joint, not a _____ joint

A

Coracoclavicular joint is a fibrous joint, not a synovial joint

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20
Q

_____ and _____ joints anchor the scapula to the clavicle and can be disrupted in a separated shoulder

A

Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular joints anchor the scapula to the clavicle and can be disrupted in a separated shoulder

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21
Q

_____ joint is the joint between the sternum and clavicle

A

Sternoclavicular joint is the joint between the sternum and clavicle

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22
Q

Scapulothoracic joint refers to _____, but is not a true joint

A

Scapulothoracic joint refers to the fact that the scapula, which is embedded in muscle, must be able to move freely over the posterior thoracic wall in order to facilitate movement of the upper arm, but is not a true joint

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23
Q

Scapulothoracic rhythm refers to the fact that _____

A

Scapulothoracic rhythm refers to the fact that the scapula and humerus move in a 1:2 ratio

(when arm abducted 180 degrees, 60 degrees occurs by rotation of the scapula and 120 degrees by rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint)

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24
Q

In the glenohumoral joint, the _____ ligament is strong and prevents upward dislocation of the humerus

A

In the glenohumoral joint, the coracoacromial ligament is strong and prevents upward dislocation of the humerus

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25
Q

Stability of the glenohumoral joint is primarily provided by the _____

A

Stability of the glenohumoral joint is primarily provided by the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles

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26
Q

Describes muscles of the shoulder joint by their action

27
Q

Shoulder extensors include _____, _____, and _____

A

Shoulder extensors include deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and triceps brachii

28
Q

Shoulder flexors include _____, _____, and _____

A

Shoulder flexors include deltoid, pectoralis major, and biceps brachii

29
Q

Shoulder abductors include the _____ and _____

A

Shoulder abductors include the deltoid and supraspinatus

30
Q

Shoulder medial/internal rotators include _____ and _____

A

Shoulder medial/internal rotators include teres major and subscapularis

31
Q

Shoulder adductors include _____ and _____

A

Shoulder adductors include latissimus dorsi and teres major

32
Q

Shoulder lateral/external rotators include _____ and _____

A

Shoulder lateral/external rotators include infraspinatus and teres minor

33
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff strengthen the _____ joint and include _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

Muscles of the rotator cuff strengthen the glenohumoral joint and include supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

(SITS)

34
Q

Arm is divded into the _____ and _____ compartments

A

Arm is divided into the anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments

35
Q

Describe muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm

  • Muscles: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
  • Muscle actions: flexion of shoulder and elbow joint
  • Nerve: musculocutaneous
  • Skeletal landmarks: coracoid process, radial tuberosity
36
Q

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm include _____, _____, and _____

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm include biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis

37
Q

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm function to _____

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm function to flex the shoulder and elbow joint

38
Q

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm are innervated by the _____ nerve

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

39
Q

Skeletal landmarks of muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm are the _____ and _____

A

Skeletal landmarks of muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm are the coracoid process and radial tuberosity

40
Q

Describe the muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm

A

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm

  • Major muscle: triceps brachii
  • Muscle actions: extend shoulder and elbow
  • Nerve: radial
  • Skeletal landmarks: infraglenoid tubercle, olecranon process of ulna
41
Q

Major muscle of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm is _____

A

Major muscle of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm is triceps brachii

42
Q

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm function to _____

A

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm function to extend the shoulder and elbow

43
Q

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm are innervated by the _____ nerve

A

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm are innervated by the radial nerve

44
Q

Skeletal landmarks of the muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm are _____ and _____

A

Skeletal landmarks of the muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the arm are the infraglenoid tubercle and olecranon process of ulna

45
Q

Forearm is divided into _____ and _____ compartments

A

Forearm is divided into anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments

46
Q

Describe muscles of anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm

  • Muscles: wrist flexors (flexor carpi radialis), wrist and digital flexors (flexor digitorium superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor policies longus), forearm pronators (pronator teres, pronator quadruatus)
  • Muscle actions: flex the wrist and/or digits, pronate forearm
  • Nerve: median nerve (ulnar nerve to flexor digitorium profundus and flexor carpi ulnaris)
  • Skeletal landmarks: medial epicondyle of the humerus
47
Q

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm function to _____

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm function to flex the wrist and/or digits and pronate the forearm

48
Q

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm are innervated by the _____

A

Muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm are innervated by the median nerve

(ulnar nerve to flexor digitorium profundus and flexor carpi ulnaris)

49
Q

Skeletal landmark of muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm is _____

A

Skeletal landmark of muscles of the anterior/flexor compartment of the forearm is the medial epicondyle of the humerus

50
Q

Describe muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm

A

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm

  • Muscles: wrist extensors (extensor carpi radialis), wrist and digit extensors (extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis), thumb abductors (abductor pollicis longus), forearm supinator (supinator)
  • Muscle actions: extend wrist and/or digits, abduct thumb, supinate forearm
  • Nerve: radial nerve
  • Skeletal structures: lateral epicondyle of humerus
51
Q

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm function to _____, _____, and _____

A

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm function to extend the wrist and/or digits, abduct the thumb, and supinate the forearm

52
Q

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm are innervated by the _____ nerve

A

Muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm are innervated by the radial nerve

53
Q

Skeletal structure of muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm is _____

A

Skeletal structure of muscles of the posterior/extensor compartment of the forearm is lateral epicondyle of humerus

54
Q

Arm and forearm are divided into _____ and _____ compartments

A

Arm and forearm are divided into anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments

55
Q

Muscles of the upper limb are innervated by branches of the brachial plexus, a network of _____ rami of spinal nerves _____

A

Muscles of the upper limb are innervated by branches of the brachial plexus, a network of anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

56
Q

Anterior compartment nerves of the upper limb include _____ and _____

A

Anterior compartment nerves of the upper limb include musculocutaneous nerve and median/ulnar nerves

57
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the _____ compartment of the _____ and is responsible for _____

A

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm and is responsible for flexion of the shoulder and elbow

58
Q

Median/ulnar nerves innervate the _____ compartment of the _____ and are responsible for _____ and _____

A

Median/ulnar nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the forearm/hand and are responsible for flexion of the wrist/fingers and pronation of the elbow

59
Q

Posterior compartment nerves of the upper limb include _____, _____, and _____

60
Q

Radial nerve innervates the _____ compartments of the _____ and is responsible for _____

A

Radial nerve innervates the posterior compartments of the arm/forearm and is responsible for extension of the shoulder/elbow/wrist/fingers

61
Q

Describe the compartments, muscles, and nerves of the upper limb

A

Compartments, muscles, and nerves of the upper limb

62
Q

Sensation in areas of _____ will be altered in peripheral nerve damage

A

Sensation in areas of cutaneous innervation will be altered in peripheral nerve damage

63
Q

Describe the actions controlled by each peripheral nerve

A

Actions controlled by each peripheral nerve

64
Q

Describe the relationship between compartment, nerve, and function

A

Relationship between compartment, nerve, and function

MSK/Derm (49 decks)

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