Slides 5 Flashcards
What is management?
A process designed to achieve an organization’s objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment.
What does it mean to achieve objectives effectively?
Having the intended result.
What does it mean to achieve objectives efficiently?
Accomplishing objectives with a minimum of resources.
Who are managers?
Individuals in organizations who make decisions about the use of resources.
What are the main functions of management?
Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
What is staffing in management?
Hiring people to carry out the work of the organization.
What does the term downsizing refer to?
Reducing the number of employees or operations.
What is the purpose of financial resources in management?
Needed to pay for essential activities.
What is the planning function of management?
Process of determining the organization’s objectives and deciding how to accomplish them.
What are the types of plans in management?
- Strategic plans
- Tactical plans
- Operational plans
- Crisis management or contingency planning
What does organizing involve in management?
Structuring resources and activities to accomplish objectives efficiently and effectively.
What are the benefits of organizing?
- Creates synergy
- Establishes lines of authority
- Improves communication
- Helps avoid duplication of resources
- Can improve competitiveness
What is the directing function of management?
Motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives.
What does controlling in management entail?
Evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course.
What are the five activities involved in the controlling process?
- Measuring performance
- Comparing present performance with standards or objectives
- Identifying deviations from standards
- Investigating causes of deviations
- Taking corrective action when necessary
Who is included in top management?
The president and other top executives such as CEO, CFO, COO.
What is the primary focus of middle management?
Responsible for tactical and operational planning that implements general guidelines established by top management.
What is the role of first-line management?
Responsible for implementing plans established by middle management and directing workers’ daily performance.
What are the areas of management?
- Financial Manager
- Production and Operations Manager
- Human Resources Manager
- Marketing Manager
- Information Technology (IT) Manager
- Administrative Manager
What skills are needed by managers?
- Technical Expertise
- Conceptual Skills
- Analytical Skills
- Human Relations Skills
What is leadership in management?
The ability to influence employees to work toward organizational goals.
List the leadership styles.
- Autocratic
- Democratic
- Free-rein
- Authentic
What is employee empowerment?
Occurs when employees are provided with the ability to take on responsibilities and make decisions about their jobs.
What is the first step in the decision-making process?
Recognizing and defining the decision situation.
What does developing options involve?
Creating a list of possible courses of action that includes both standard and creative plans.
What is the focus of selecting the best option in decision-making?
Analyzing risks and trade-offs.
What is the final step in the decision-making process?
Monitoring the consequences to see if the decision accomplished the desired result.
What is organizational culture?
A firm’s shared values, beliefs, traditions, philosophies, rules, and role models for behavior.
What is the purpose of organizational structure?
The arrangement of positions within an organization.
What does specialization do in task assignment?
Divides labor into small, specific tasks.
What are common ways to departmentalize?
- By function
- By product
- By geographic region
- By customer
What is functional departmentalization?
The grouping of jobs that perform similar functional activities.
What is product departmentalization?
The organization of jobs in relation to the products of the firm.
What is the degree of centralization?
Extent to which authority is delegated throughout an organization.
What is a centralized organization?
Authority is concentrated at the top; little decision-making is delegated to lower levels.
What is a decentralized organization?
Decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible.
What is the degree of centralization in an organization?
Extent to which authority is delegated throughout an organization
In centralized organizations, where is authority concentrated?
At the top
In decentralized organizations, where is decision-making authority delegated?
As far down the chain of command as possible
What does span of management refer to?
The number of subordinates who report to a particular manager
What characterizes a wide span of management?
A manager directly supervises a very large number of employees
What characterizes a narrow span of management?
A manager directly supervises only a few subordinates
What are organizational layers?
The levels of management in an organization
What is a tall organization characterized by?
Many layers and a narrow span of management
What is a flat organization characterized by?
Few layers and a wide span of management
In the context of span of management, what does Gina’s 200 employees represent?
Her span of management
What is the simplest organizational structure?
Line Structure
What does the line-and-staff structure involve?
Traditional line relationship between superiors and subordinates with specialized managers assisting line managers
What is a multidivisional structure?
Organizes departments into larger groups called divisions
What is a matrix structure?
Sets up teams from different departments; creates two or more intersecting lines of authority
What is a group?
Two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal
What is a team?
Small group whose members have complementary skills; have a common purpose, goals, and approach; and hold themselves accountable
What is a committee?
Permanent, formal group that performs a specific task
What is a task force?
Temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change
What types of teams are mentioned?
- Project teams
- Product-development teams
- Quality-assurance teams
- Self-directed work teams
What are formal communication channels?
Intentionally defined and designed by the organization
What does informal organization consist of?
Friendships and other nonwork social relationships
What is the most significant informal type of communication?
The grapevine
Why is monitoring communications necessary in the workplace?
Technological advances and increased use of electronic communication
What can failure to monitor employees’ use of technology lead to?
Costly consequences
How is artificial intelligence impacting workplace monitoring?
Significantly impacting monitoring, benchmarking, and understanding how employees feel about their jobs
What should organizations encourage to improve communication effectiveness?
- Employees to provide feedback, even if negative
- Managers to listen
- Avoid interruptions
- Develop strong communication channels
- Communicate policies throughout the organization
Fill in the blank: All teams are ______, but not all groups are teams.
groups
What is the importance of organizational culture?
How do organizational structures develop?
How do specialization and departmentalization help an organization?
Achieve its goals
How do organizations assign responsibility for tasks?
What are some common forms of organizational structure?
Distinguish between groups and teams.
Identify the types of groups that exist in organizations.
Describe how communication occurs in organizations.
