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Intro to Speech & Language Disorders 4411 > SLIDE #16 - augmentative and alternative communication > Flashcards

SLIDE #16 - augmentative and alternative communication Flashcards

1
Q

what is augmentative and alternative communication ?

A

An area of clinical practice that provides communication
interventions for people who have complex communication needs
or little or no functional speech

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2
Q

what does augmentative communication do for speech and/or language?

A
  • supplements/enhances
  • substitutes or replaces
  • makes it easier to communicate
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3
Q

what does assistive technology do for speech and/or language?

A

perform functions that would
otherwise be too difficult

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4
Q

what are the goals of AAC ?

A

– Assist with daily communication needs (Say what you want to say, when you want to say it, as quickly as possible)
– Facilitate development of speech/language
– Facilitate return of speech/language

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

with AAC we are aiming for perfect communication and functional language ?

A

FALSE

with AAC we are NOT aiming for perfect communication but functional language ?

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6
Q

for kids specifically, what is a goal for AAC ?

A

want to help facilitate their learning

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6
Q

what do Augmentative and Alternative Communication use to create messages ?

A

symbols

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7
Q

what are some examples of symbols used to create messages in Augmentative and Alternative Communication ?

A
  • bliss symbols
  • coloured pictures
  • objects
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8
Q

what are the Two ways to access symbols in Augmentative and Alternative Communication ?

A

direct and indirect selection

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9
Q

what is direct selection ?

A
  • Accessing symbols with a finger or pointing device
  • Accessing symbols with another body part
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10
Q

what is indirect selection ?

A

Alternate method for accessing symbols

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11
Q

ex. if an individual cannot use symbol to point to and may use another part of the body, what type of selection is this ?

A

direct selection

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12
Q

who uses AAC ?

A

Developmental Disabilities & Acquired Disabilities

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13
Q

what are some examples of Acquired Disabilities ?

A
  • Laryngectomy
  • Glossectomy
  • ALS
  • MS
  • TBI
  • CVA
  • Intubation
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14
Q

what are some examples of developmental Disabilities ?

A
  • Genetic disorders
  • Cerebral palsy
  • ASD
  • Childhood Apraxia of Speech
  • Intellectual disability
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15
Q

between Developmental Disabilities & Acquired Disabilities, which is usually kids ?

A

developmental Disabilities

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

AAC systems and techniques may be used alone or in
combination

A

TRUE

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

AAC users may not use multiple systems and techniques, must use one at a time for most efficiency ?

A

FALSE

AAC users may use multiple systems and techniques

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Systems can be unaided or aided

A

TRUE

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19
Q

explain what is meant by systems can be unaided or aided

A
  • Choice determined by needs, abilities and communication
    environment
  • Often a combination of both to ensure optimal (multimodal) communication
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20
Q

what is the ideal AAC system type in their communication ?

A

*highly intelligible
*comprehensible
*efficient

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

AAC types are very individualized but usually include a combination

A

TRUE

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22
Q

what is unaided communication systems ?

A
  • Rely on user’s body to convey messages (nothing external)
  • No external equipment (anything you can do with body)
  • e.g., gestures, body language, sign language
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23
Q

what is a disadvantage of unaided communication systems ?

A

not everyone has the motor abilities & perhaps the other person doesn’t know what the symbols mean

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24
Q

what is aided communication systems ?

A
  • Require use of tools or equipment in addition to
    user’s body
  • Wide range of methods, both electronic and non-
    electronic (i.e., can be low-tech or high-tech)
    (e.g., paper and pencil, communication books/boards,
    speech generating devices, written output)
25
Q

what are the two types of aided communication systems ?

A

low and high tech

26
Q

what are low-tech AAC systems ?

A
  • May or may not uses power
  • Simple to develop or program
  • few moving parts
  • doesn’t run on power
  • looking at letters and trying to figure it out
27
Q

what are high-tech AAC systems ?

A
  • Uses power
  • Sophisticated programming, usually computer-based
  • Many are speech-generating devices
  • Can be dedicated or open
  • need to be an SLP specialist to prescribe
  • there is a whole training regarding
  • generazied voice comes out
28
Q

what is a dedicated high-tech AAC ?

A

specific only to communication

29
Q

what is a open high-tech AAC ?

A

multi-functional

30
Q

what do many AAC system type devices include ?

A

an electronic switch (or multiple switches)

31
Q

what does this electronic switch (or multiple switches) on an AAC device do ?

A

The switch activates symbol scanning movement and can then be used to select an item/message

32
Q

what are some examples of what the AAC switch activates ?

A
  • Push
  • Touch
  • Sound controlled
  • EEG-activated
33
Q

what do AAC assessments require ?

A

Requires team approach (team varies by case)

34
Q

what are some examples of team approach (team varies by case) ?

A

e.g.,
- Family
- SLP
- OT
- PT
- rehabilitation engineer
- teacher
- audiologist
- psychologist

35
Q

are team approaches ongoing or a one time thing ?

A

ongoing

36
Q

what does “ongoing” AAC assessment mean ?

A
  • Trial approaches (e.g., aided, unaided)
  • Longer term due to changing needs
  • assessment is never really over, communication needs will always be changing
37
Q

for AAC Assessment, what is the goal ?

A

to determine :
- Current abilities and needs in language, literacy,
mobility, physical access, hearing, and vision
- Current and future language development and communication needs
- Communication goals across environments and communication partners
- The most appropriate AAC system
- The most appropriate therapy program

38
Q

what are the 3 consideration of AAC assessments ?

A
  • Physical & Social Skills
  • Abilities
  • Partner skill
39
Q

what does “ Physical & Social Skills” mean in regards to AAC assessment considerations ?

A
  • Intellectual, physical and literacy abilities
  • Personality
  • Social networks
  • Personal history, plans, aspirations
40
Q

what does “Abilities” mean in regards to AAC assessment considerations ?

A
  • Consistent yes/no response
  • Effective use of communicative functions
  • Expressing emotion in response to situations
41
Q

what does “Partner skill” mean in regards to AAC assessment considerations ?

A
  • Engages with and supports AAC user
  • Modifies communication style to match AAC user’s skills
42
Q

what are some additional AAC assessment considerations ?

A

– Test may need to be adapted
– Time consuming and ongoing
– Team-based
– Focused on communicative function
– Emphasis on communication partners and environments

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

all tests require people to point, speak to us, formulate sentences, and more, so those with AAC neeed to adapt

A

TRUE

44
Q

why must we emphasis on communication partners and
environments in AAC assessment considerations ?

A

to make sure the individual can reach a level of independence

45
Q

what must we do to support the AAC user in communicating effectively in regars to intervention ?

A
  • Training in the use of aided/unaided AAC
  • Involves family/caregivers
  • In naturalistic contexts to promote generalization
  • Focused on communicative effectiveness
  • Supporting independent communication
46
Q

what are the two main models of AAC intervention ?

A

participation model & commuincative competency model

47
Q

what is the participation model ?

A

This model is all about how people take part in communication. It focuses on the roles and relationships people have during conversations. For example, in a meeting, a manager might speak differently from an employee because of their roles. It’s not just about what’s said, but who’s involved and how they interact.

48
Q

what is the commuincative competency model ?

A

This model is about how well someone can communicate in different situations. It’s not just about speaking correctly, but also knowing how to use language in the right way for the context. For example, you speak differently to a friend than you do to a boss. It includes things like understanding social rules, tone, and even how to fix problems in conversation.

49
Q

what is the goal of the Participation Model ?

A

easy communication with peers through
communication opportunities and access

50
Q

what is the goal of the Communicative Competency Model ?

A

to help individuals develop functional
operational, strategic, linguistic, and social skills

51
Q

what type of model us “functional intervention” ?

A

participation model

52
Q

what is the Participation Model based on ?

A

Based on the person’s participation requirements
(participation inventory)

53
Q

how does the participation model differentiate from the Communicative Competency Model ?

A
  • is an older model
  • helps develop functional skills but put more competence
  • similar but specifies the four specific competences
54
Q

what are the four competences that the Communicative Competency Model emphasizes on ?

A

– Operational competence
– Strategic competence
– Linguistic competence
– Social competence

55
Q

define “Operational competence” :

A

This is the ability to use language effectively in real-life situations, such as knowing how to start a conversation, ask questions, or explain something clearly.

56
Q

define “Strategic competence” :

A

This refers to the skills used to overcome communication challenges, like when you don’t know a word, you can use gestures, paraphrasing, or ask for clarification.

57
Q

define “Linguistic competence” :

A

This is your understanding of the rules of the language, like grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and sentence structure, to form correct and meaningful sentences.

58
Q

define “Social competence” :

A

This involves knowing how to adapt your language depending on the social context, like using formal or informal language, understanding cultural norms, and knowing what’s appropriate to say in different situations.

59
Q

which of the two AAC intervention models the older model ?

A

Communicative Competency Model

60
Q

what are some examples of AAC implementation and intervention approaches ?

A
  • Provide direct instruction in use of system (e.g., picture meaning, picture location, access strategies.)
  • Practice in multiple environments with multiple partners
  • Develop routines and scripts for predictable scenarios and activities
  • Train communication partners
  • Incorporate language and literacy instruction
61
Q

what are some cultural considerations of AAC intervention ?

A
  • selection of AAC type, symbols, and interaction style must consider the client’s cultural perspective
  • must integrate family’s values, beliefs, interaction
    styles, etc.

Intro to Speech & Language Disorders 4411 (17 decks)

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