Lecture #6 - auditory rehabilitation Flashcards
describe aural habilitation vs rehabilitation ?
define aural rehabilitation :
treatment strategies to improve communication in people who once had normal hearing but now have hearing impairment
what are some example texhniques of aural rehabilitation :
- selection of hearing aids and/or other amplification devices
- speechreading
- auditory training
- teaching strategies to facilitate communication and repair breakdowns
adults with age realted hearing loss may partake in what form of hearing imporvement ?
aural rehabilitation
define aural habilitation :
- treatment strategies used with people who have hearing impairments from birth
- designed to achieve fluent communication in manual or oral modality
what is the ultimate goal in reagrds to treatment decisions ?
the ultimate goal of improving individual’s quality of life
in adults, what are the most effective approachse that can be individualized and comprehensive ?
- counseling
- fitting of amplification devices
- aural rehabilitation
what are some examples of hearing technology within treatment disorders ?
- hearing aids
- assitive listeing devices
- cochlear implants
what are the 2 treatment approaches ?
direct treatment of hearing loss OR speech and language rehabilitation
what are some examples of direct treatment of hearing loss ?
- surgery
- hearing aid fitting
- auditory implants
what are some exmaples of speech and language rehabilitation ?
- speech reading
- cued speech
- oral/aural approach
- manual approach
- stimultaneous communication
what are two surgeries for hearing rehabilitation :
myringotomy and tympanoplasty
what is myringotomy ?
- a surgery performed on your tympanic membrane (eardrum)
- a tiny incision is created in your eardrum to allow fluid to drain from your middle ear
- iincision in tympanic membrane
- insertion of PE tubes
what does PE tube stand for ?
pressure equalixation
what is the myringotomy surgery most commonly used for ?
ottis media
what is tympanoplasty surgey ?
repeair perforated eardrum or reconstruct middle ear bones
what are the 3 types of tympanoplasty ?
- myringoplasty
- tympanoplasty with ossiculoplasty
tympanoplaty with mastoidectomy
what is hearing loss
is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear. It makes some sounds louder so that a person with hearing loss
what is the goal of hearing aids ?
to provide amplified signal to impaired ear
how many components are there in a hearing aid ?
3
what are the 3 main components of hearing aids ?
- microphone
- amplifier
- speaker
describe the “microphone” component of hearing aids :
transforms acoustic signal into electrical signal
describe the “amplifier” component of hearing aids :
increases intensity of signal (and filters it)
describe the “speaker” component of hearing aids :
converts amplified/filtered electrical signal beack into acoustic sigtnal and transmits into the canal
TRUE OR FALSE
inner ear can always do surgery
FALSE
inner ear sometimes cannot, or genuinely can never do surgery but can sometiems do
TRUE OR FALSE
middle ear can do surgeries
TRUE
what is “stapedectomy” ?
is surgery to treat hearing loss caused by otosclerosis
what is the “vestibular nerve” ?
The vestibular nerve relays information related to motion and position
how many types of hearing aids are there ?
5
what are the 5 types of hearing aids ?
- behind the ear (BTE)
- in the ear (ITE)
- in the canal (ITC)
- completely in the canal (CIC)
- body aids
describe behind the ear hearing aids :
- 2 parts (earmold and hearing aid)
- good for all types of loss
- common for children
- are bigger in size
- provides more amplification
- very durable
- harder to break & lose
describe in the ear hearing loss :
- custom molded to fit ear
- for mild to severe hearing loss
- good for mild to severe
- can amplify sounds but not very effective for those with profound hearing loss
- not as good for older individuals as they may find it harder to use/control small buttons
describe in the canal hearing aids :
- mild to moderate hearing loss
- smaller buttons
describe completly in the canal hearing aids :
- sits closest to the temporal membrane
- shorter battery life
- mild to moderate loss
describe body aid hearing aids :
- battery pack and amplifier
- profound loss
- are those that give the most amplification
- need to have battery pack attached to you at all times
as hearing aids gets smaller what happens to sound amplification ?
sound becomes less amplified
which hearing aid provides the most amplification ?
body aid
as hearing aids get smaller what happens to battery life ?
life gets way lower
what are assistive listening devices ?
- are personal technologies that can help you communicate in one-to-one conversation
- imporve signal to noise ratio
- amplify sound
what are some examples of assitive learning devices ?
- telephon listening devices (telecoils and amplifiers)
- sound amplification (FM system)
- keyboard devices for telephone (TDD, TTY)
- television system (CC)
- alerting systems (lights, vibrators)
what are 4 exmaples of auditory implants ?
- bone anchored hearing aids
- cochlear implants
- auditory brainstem implants
- middle ear/mastoid implants
when do we use bone anchored hearing aid implants ?
when unable to benefit from hearing aid due to outer/middle ear problem
how do bone anchored hearing aids work ?
vibrated temporal bone via titanium implant behind ear and then transmits sound directily to inner ear
who uses auditory implants ?
those who cannot benefit from an hearing aid
who can benefit from a cochlear implant ?
for severe to profound SNHL in both ears
what does SNHL stand for ?
Sensorineural hearing loss
bone-anchored hearing aid vs cochlea :
A BAHA hearing aid sends soundwaves to your inner ear, where the bones in your skull vibrate to help you hear. In contrast, a cochlear implant bypasses your inner ear and directly stimulates your auditory nerve. People who have inner ear damage may benefit from cochlear implants.
TRUE OR FALSE
those who have cochlear implants can recieve benefit from hearing aids
FALSE
those who have cochlear implants have little to no benefit from hearing aids
TRUE OR FALSE
cochlear implants are one surgery and thats all
FALSE
cochlear implants have not only a surgey but multiple interventions that follow
how do cochlear implants work ?
transmits signals sent through skull to electrodes situated along different regions of cochlea
what differentiates cochlear implants vs BAHA ?
cochlear implants bypass damaged hair cells
what do cochlear implants do ?
they do not restore normal hearing but provides representation of sound that can be used to sense sounds and understand speech
TRUE OR FALSE
cochlea users must require training post-implant ?
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
the cochlear implant is controversial in the deaf community ?
TRUE
where do we implant cochlear devices ?
implant devices directly into the cochlea
how do cochlear implants work ?
- implant device directly into the cochlea
- directly stimulates the auditory nerve
TRUE OR FALSE
cochlaer implants sounds like normal voice/sounds ?
FALSE
will not sound like normal but will give people a representaion of sound and understadning speech
what are the components of a cochlear implant ?
- external microphone and sound processor
- internal reciever
- internal coil with electrodes
how do the electrodes work in regards to cochlear implants ?
goes through the cochlea and attaches to the auditory nerve
what are auditory brainstem implants ?
implants that bypass the cochlea and auditory nerve to transmit sound directly to the brainstem
who uses auditory brainstem implants ?
- those who have really hard time understanding speech and would need additional strategies and support to best understand
what is middle ear/mastoid implants ?
electronic devices that convert sound energy into mechanical vibrations that directly stimulate middle ear structures.
what are middle ear/mastoid implants coupled to ?
ossicles or oval window
what does middle ear/mastoid implants bypass ?
outer ear
what is the ONLY case that we can use middle ear/mastoid implant ?
if you have middle ear problem
speech/language difficulties are more likely with what 2 factors ?
- earler hearing loss
- more severe hearing loss
what are some common features of speech and language rehabilitation ?
- phonology
- voice/resonance
- language
- speech rate
- speech reading
- cued speech
- oral/aural approach
what does phonology focus on ?
the sounds
the following points are defined by which factor ?
- consonant and vowel omissions, substitutions, and disortions
- influenced by speech sound visibility and acoustic characteristics
- distort sounds cause its distorted to them
phonology
describe some characteristics of voice and resonance :
- hypernasality
- cul-de-sac resonance
- poor pitch control
define “hypernasality” :
happens when too much air comes through the nose while talking, making the voice sound “nasally” or stuffed up, like when you have a cold.
define “cul-de-sac” :
refers to speech that sounds muffled or trapped, like the voice is stuck inside the mouth or throat with little sound escaping. This happens when sound is blocked or doesn’t resonate properly.
define “poor pitch control” :
having difficulty staying on the right notes when speaking or singing, causing the voice to sound too high or too low
what is “speech reader” ?
- “lip reader”
- use speaker’s mouth, facial expressions, ge4stures to decode what is being said
- use visual information as a strategy to augment and support communication
what is “cued speech” ?
- use of hand signals while speaking
- not widely used re : limitations
what is “oral/aural approach” ?
- focuses on using speech articulation, hearing aids and speech reading
- discourages exclusive reliance on visual cues
what are manual approaches to speech and language rehabilitation ?
- sign language
- finger spelling
- communication through visual mode viewed as more natural form
- ASL/QSL most common in canada
what is simultaneous or total communication approach ?
encourages all possible modes of communication includes spoken language, signed language, speech reading, amplification, writing, gestures, etc.
what is deaf-blind communication ?
combination of visual and hearing impairment introduces challenges in using oral/aural and signed language
what are some methods of communication for deaf-blind communication ?
- manual communication
- print in palm
- braille
- tadoma method
describe the medical vs cultutral model :
medical = for hearing focuses on hearing loss as a problem that needs to be fixed or treated, often using things like hearings aids or surgery
cultural = sees deafness as part of a person’s identity and culture, especially in the Deaf community. it views Deafness not as a disability, but as a different way of experiencing the world
