LECTURE #11 - cleft lip and palate

Question 1

what is craniofacial abnormality ?

Answer 1

• An abnormality of the face and/or head
• Abnormal growth patterns in soft tissue and bones

Question 2

what is a cleft ?

Answer 2

Abnormal opening in an anatomical structure

Question 3

what are clefts due to ?

Answer 3

due to disruption in embryological (prenatal) development (usually follows normal embryological fusion lines)

Question 4

what is a cleft lip and/or palate ?

Answer 4

• craniofacial anomaly/abnormality (congenital malformation involving head and face)
• elongated opening, resulting from failure of parts
  of mouth to fuse or merge

Question 5

when do clefts occur ?

Answer 5

in utero during 1st trimester of pregnancy

Question 6

what do clefts interfere with ?

Answer 6

interferes with basic biological functioning and communication

Question 7

those with clefts, what are they at risk of ?

Answer 7

At risk for problems with aesthetics, feeding, speech, resonance and hearing

Question 8

what are facial embryology ?

Answer 8

Development of face/ anterior aspects of mouth occurs during embryonic period (5-8 weeks gestation)

Question 9

in normal development, what happens with facial embryology ?

Answer 9

in normal development, facial tissues and bones grow toward midline and lips fuse together

Question 10

when do lips and soft palate fuses in palatal embryology ?

Answer 10

• Lips fuse ~ week 6
• soft palate fuses by week 12

Question 11

what is palatal embryology ?

Answer 11

• 8-12 weeks gestation: Lip and palate meet at midline and develop from front (lip) to back (uvula)
• Degree of clefting related to
  amount of embryonic
  damage to lip and palate

Question 12

FILL IN THE BLANK

cleft lip and palate occurs in __ of every 750 live births

Answer 12

1

Question 13

how common are different occurrence by type ?

Answer 13

• Cleft of lip and palate = 50%
• Cleft of lip = 25%
• Cleft of palate = 25%

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE

cleft lip and palate varies according to racial group ?

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE

cleft lip and palate varies according to sex ?

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

what sex is more common to have a cleft of lip with or without cleft palate ?

Answer 16

2:1 males to females

Question 17

what sex is more common to have isolated cleft palate ?

Answer 17

2:1 females to males

Question 18

how many disorders of cleft lip ?

Answer 18

5

Question 19

what are the 5 disorders of cleft lip ?

Answer 19

• Unilateral cleft lip
• Bilateral cleft lip
• Complete cleft lip
• Incomplete cleft lip
• Microform cleft

Question 20

what is a unilateral cleft lip :

Answer 20

A gap or split on one side of the upper lip

Question 21

what is a bilateral cleft lip ?

Answer 21

A gap or split on both sides of the upper lip

Question 22

what is a complete cleft lip ?

Answer 22

A split in the lip that extends up into the nose, going through the entire thickness of the lip.

Question 23

what is a incomplete cleft lip ?

Answer 23

A split in the lip that doesn’t reach the nose and only goes partway through the thickness of the lip.

Question 24

what is a microform cleft ?

Answer 24

A very mild form of cleft lip, often looking like a small notch or slight indentation in the lip without a full gap

Question 25

what is a vermilion ?

Answer 25

is the reddish part of your lips—the area that transitions between the skin of your face and the inner mucous membrane of your mouth. It’s the part of the lips that usually stands out in color and is what we typically think of as the “lip” itself.

Question 26

YES OR NO

with cleft lip and palate disorders can you have flattened nose, flaring nostril ?

Answer 26

YES

Question 26

what is the “Columella”?

Answer 26

the tissue that connects the nasal tip to the nasal base, and separates the nostrils

Question 27

what is the most common disorder of the cleft lip and palate ?

Answer 27

left unilateral